William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning Essay

Symbolism in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning If we compare William Faulkners two short stories, A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning, he structures the plots of these two stories differently. However, both of the stories note the effect of a father ¡Ã‚ ¦s teaching, and in both the protagonists Miss Emily and Sarty make their own decisions about their lives. The stories present major idea through symbolism that includes strong metaphorical meaning. Both stories affect my thinking of life. Both  ¡Ã‚ §A Rose for Emily ¡Ã‚ ¨ and  ¡Ã‚ §Barn Burning ¡Ã‚ ¨ address the influence of a father, and the protagonists of both stories make their own†¦show more content†¦He notifies the landlord of the fire, and runs away from his family.  ¡Ã‚ §He [Sarty] did not look back ¡Ã‚ ¨ ( ¡Ã‚ §Barn Burning ¡Ã‚ ¨, 25). He does not want to let his father controlling him anymore. He wants to start his own life. Both the stories present major ideas through symbolism. Faulkner uses particular objects to link the tales with his metaphorical meaning.  ¡Ã‚ §A Rose for Emily ¡Ã‚ ¨ does not explicitly involve a rose. Faulkner notes the rose only twice, in the title and the third paragraph from the last,  ¡Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¡Kthis room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights ¡K ¡Ã‚ ¨ ( ¡Ã‚ §A Rose for Emily, 129). But the significant symbolic meaning of the rose strongly affects the readers ¡Ã‚ ¦ perception of Miss Emily. It stirs the readers to sympathize with Miss Emily. Rose stands for true love, expectation and the most resplendent period of life. Miss Emily adorns her room as a bridal chamber in rose color, representing a woman who yearns for true love and dreams of a fairyland where she and her beloved can stay together forever. For years, Miss Emily ¡Ã‚ ¦s father drove away all the young men who want to date with h er. Her father thwarted her to experiencing love. In her dreary existence, Homer Barron is the only bright spot, one  ¡Ã‚ §rose ¡Ã‚ ¨. Like a wilted rose, she keeps his body, forever. It reminds her of the joy she once had in her otherwise emptyShow MoreRelatedWilliam Faulkner’s Barn Burning and A Rose for Emily Essay1157 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Barn Burning† is a story filled with myth. This coming of age story features a boy stuck in a family with a father who can be thought of as Satan, and can be easily seen as connected to myths of Zeus and Cronus. The connection to Zeus is further elaborated when William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is also considered. These two stories along with a few others provided an amazing view of the south. Many characters or families can be viewed as groups that lived in the south duringRead MoreEssay on A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning856 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner some would say was one of the great writers of American literature during the twentieth century. His stories many times had a gothic plot and contained odd or supernatural ideas and characters. He had many notable works, two of which were â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning†. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning† are similar in the way that William Faulkner portrays the characters and the tone he uses in both. Emily the main character in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Sartoris theRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily And Barn Burning796 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner has said that when you are writing a novel, there is a lot of room to add some fluff and be a bit careless with your ideas, but when writing a short story there is no room for â€Å"trash†, as he calls it. However, this can be a tough thing to do when you have a lot to say. Even Faulkner could have difficulty following along with his beliefs. After having read and considered A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning, I do believe that William Faulkner has been true to his beliefs in both of theseRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1801 Words   |  8 Pages William Faulkner is known for his many short stories, however, many has wondered what has influenced him in writing these stories. Like his well known, most famous short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, which has always been compared to â€Å"Barn Burning†, one of Faulkner’s other short story. It only make sense to compare them two together because these two stories has may similarities , whether it may be in setting , characters or style they favor each other . Nevertheless they also have many differencesRead MoreComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily1352 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily William Faulkner has written some of the most unique novels and short stories of any author, and, to this day, his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Both â€Å"Barn Burning† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† tell about the life of southern people and their struggles with society, but Faulkner used the dramatic settings of these two stories to create a mood unlike any other and make the audience feel like they too were a part of these southernRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1810 Words   |  8 Pages William Faulkner is one amazing writing ,who is known for his many short stories .However, many has wondered what has influenced him in writing these stories . Like his well known, most famous short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, which has always been compared to â€Å"Barn Burning†, one of Faulkner’s other short story. It only make sense to compare them two together because these two stories has may similarities , whether it may be in setting , characters or style they favor each other . NeverthelessRead MoreA Rose For Emily And Barn Burning By William C. Faulkner949 Words   |  4 Pagesshort stories were written by William C. Faulkner who embodied the Southern sensibility, and to this day his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Faulkner was born from a rich family who had accumulated wealth before the Civil War, but like many families in the South they had lost all of it during the conflict. His family moved to Oxford, Mississippi which is the basis for the fictional town of Jefferson in most of his stories from Yoknapatawpha County. Faulkner’s stories create a mood to makeRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Barn Burning and A Rose for Emily1141 Words   |  5 PagesHunter Taylor Dr. William Bedford English 1102-011 10 September 2013 Comparing and Contrasting â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning† In William Faulkner’s short stories â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Barn Burning† the characters are both guilty of committing terrible crimes. However, Miss Emily in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and Abner Snopes in â€Å"Barn Burning† are both portrayed very differently from each other. A few things to consider while reading these short stories is how each of these characters is characterizedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1138 Words   |  5 Pagespity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.† With these words, American author William Faulkner described the duty of an author in his Noble Prize acceptance speech. Under further examination of Faulkner’s works, one would expect to find that he followed his own job description. However, two of his most well-known short stories seem to be contradicting. Neither â€Å"A Rose for Emily† nor â€Å"Barn Burning† is uplifting because the protagonists strugg le with their communities, loyalty to their fathersRead More William Faulkner Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesthe beginning of the twentieth century (William Faulkner; 699). He was the son to Murray C. and Maud Butler Faulkner (Hoffman 13). Growing up in the South in the early 1900s meant being exposed to harsh racism. He watched the blacks endure unbelievable amounts of cruelty and was amazed at how the blacks conducted themselves with such dignity. He witnessed, first hand, what discrimination is and could not comprehend why this goes on. In many of Faulkners works I found that he portrayed blacks as

Stereotypes Of Stereotypes Are Everywhere - 2445 Words

Stereotypes are everywhere. No matter which part of the world you are in, no matter who you talk to, there will always be stereotypes. In Stuyvesant, for example, the main stereotype deals with Asians. Typically, when most people think of Asians, their first instinct is to imagine an extremely studious child with millions of extracurricular who stays upridiculouslylate doing homework. He or she sits in a dark room, illuminated by only a small desk lamp, bending over the twenty page math homework assignment due for weeks in advance. In addition, if an Asian isn t getting straight A s in all of his or her classes, then the only valid conclusion is that they must be doing drugs. I mean, there is absolutely no other possible reason for a student of Asian descent to not be a straight-A student, right? Another relatively popular stereotype in Stuy is about Russian people. There is a relatively large number of Russian kids in Stuyvesant, and all of them have to deal with a couple of false preconceptions about their culture. All of the students of Russian descent are, without a doubt, permanently-drunk alcoholics. They have cold personalities and are very straight to the point. They rarely smile, but when they do, it is not a smile that isfriendly,but more of a smirk. They also all have an IV of vodka under their clothes to keep themselves constantly intoxicated without getting caught, right? I fall into the large group of Russians that are forced to fall victim to theShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Stereotyping In Schools1122 Words   |  5 Pageson hate or fear. Stereotyping can cause behaviors that will be carried into ones adulthood. How we stereotype someone changes them? It changes the way we act towards them because of how we classify them. Stereotypes make people treat others differently, which begins to affect those who are being judged. The way people act towards a person can begin to shape that person. Stereotyping is everywhere, and that’s not good because people’s judgement of others changes how that person looks at himself.Read MoreStereotypes And The Athletic Snob1083 Words   |  5 PagesStereotype- a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Stereotypes show up everywhere, and the stories The Outsiders, a realistic fiction novel by S.E. Hinton, and the short story â€Å"The Athletic Snob† by Sam Barnes are no exceptions. In The Outsiders, the town Ponyboy Curtis lives in is divided in two: the rich, wild Socials, or Socs, and the quiet, tough Greasers. Throughout the course of the novel, Ponyboy, his brothers, and his friend s startRead MoreStereotypes of Africa: How Much Do You Know?669 Words   |  3 PagesThe word stereotype can be defined as â€Å"a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Stereotypes can be found everywhere, from schools to our views on the world. There are many stereotypes about Africans and Africa as a whole, and just like a majority of all stereotypes, they couldn’t be more wrong. One of the stereotypes about Africa is that it’s a country. It has often been argued that Africa isn’t a continent when, in actuality, it is the secondRead MoreRacial Stereotypes755 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different stereotypes in the world today. They can be used for different categories like age, gender and race. Stereotypes are formed by the media, passed down from many generations and also just the populations need to understand the social world around us. Racial stereotypes make up large portion of stereotypes in todays society. Racial stereotypes can be used for comedic effect and our found to be funny by a majority of people, but they can also be depicted as hate to an ethnicRead MoreEssay on Anti-Gay Bullying Stereotypes and Suicides825 Words   |  4 PagesAnti-Gay Bullying 1 Anti-Gay Bullying Stereotypes and Suicides HU300: Art and Humanities: Twentieth Century and Beyond Anti-Gay Bullying 2 Anti-Gay Bullying Stereotypes and Suicides Anti-gay bulling has increased over the years. There are more gays and lesbians committing suicide as a result. Asher Brown, a 13-year-old Houston, Texas teen committed suicide because he could not take the daily ridiculing of being bullied at school for years. Asher wasRead MoreEthnic Stereotyping : Nereotyping, And Racial Stereotypes910 Words   |  4 PagesStereotypes Stereotypes refers to the features imposed upon individual groups which are conventional, formulaic and exaggerated regarding to their nationality, race and sexual alignment, among many others (Stuart Ewen Elizabeth Ewen; 2006). These features tend to be over simplications of the groups involved. For instance, somebody who meets some few people from a certain country and finds them to be old fashioned and quit may spread to all the people from the country in question are reserved andRead MoreStereotypes - A Hasty Generalization Essay example961 Words   |  4 PagesStereotypes are everywhere and can be about anyone. Generalized remarks about gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity or age are common forms of stereotyping. Any time someone makes hasty groupings whether by race, gender or an individual and makes a blanket judgment about them is stereotyping. Military members are no different than society. One of the militarys greatest assets is its diverse workforce but w ith diversity comes stereotypes. As a woman in the military, I frequently encounterRead MoreThe Social And Multicultural Differences Of The Movie Crash Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagestwo major behaviors observed are Prejudice and Stereotyping. These are identified as the causes of the events in the movie. The three main topics of this essay are, what do they say about the people who subscribe to them?, what are stereotypes?, and how have stereotypes affected your life (either by placing them on others or having them placed on you)? These all play a major role in the movie. What do they say about the people who subscribe them? In my opinion, stereotyping is just people assumingRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of Stereotypes1362 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION: In today’s world stereotypes play a huge role. Stereotypes are constantly discussed and spread among members of a society, and usually have a negative message. It is commonly said that a world without these stereotypes is how the world should be. However, this is unachievable. As harmful as a stereotype can be, it is necessary and it is a part of all of our lives. Stereotypes are inevitable and present in all places and therefore are a factor in all human beings lives whether they knowRead MoreStereotyping And Its Effects On The Workplace987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ways people perceive people is stereotypes. Stereotypes is a way of judging someone by basing their perception on the group that they belong. Stereotyping is a shortcut for judging others. The problem with stereotyping is that it is a worldwide issue that includes widespread generalizations that may not be true when applied to a certain individual or situation. Stereotypes can influence individual’s decision making significantly. Research shows that stereotypes operates off of emotions and below

Employee Motivation Research Paper - 2403 Words

Motivating Employees Introduction Employees are motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. In order for the reward system to be effective, it must encompass both sources of motivation. Studies have found that among employees surveyed, money was not the most important motivator, and in some instances managers have found money to have a de-motivating or negative effect on employees. This research paper addresses the definition of rewards in the work environment context, the importance of rewarding employees for their job performance, motivators to employee performance such as extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, Herzberg’s two-factor theory in relation to rewarding employees, Hackman and Oldman model of job enrichment that†¦show more content†¦Cicerone et al (2007) suggests that â€Å"Rewarding employees for their job performance that meets or exceeds customer expectations is important because: âž ¢ It tells employees what standards their job performance must meet. âž ¢ When employees kn ow that customers expect a particular level of performance, they’ll be more cooperative about performing at that level than if a performance standard seems to be based on a manager’s impulse. âž ¢ Rewards improve employee job performance. âž ¢ The need to discipline employees is reduced because employee job performance meets customer expectations more often. This creates a more pleasant work environment for managers and their employees. âž ¢ Customers’ expectations are more likely to be met by employee job performance even when a manager isn’t present. ( ¶. 8) Motivators According to Bateman Snell (2009), Motivators to employee job performance are centered on extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. Extrinsic rewards are characteristics of the workplace that attract and retain people. They revolve around organization and management policies, working conditions, pay, benefits, and other so-called â€Å"hygiene† factors. Intrinsic rewards are motivators that provide employees personal satisfaction in the performance of their jobs such as opportunities for personal and career growth, recognition and the feeling of achievement in the successful completion of a task. (p. 486). Herzberg’s two-factor theory suggestsShow MoreRelatedMotivation To Improve Performance Through Employee Involvement.1571 Words   |  7 Pages Motivation to Improve Performance through Employee Involvement Charlese Mason Leadership and Organizational Behavior; 520 Dr. Laura Jones Strayer University February 13, 2017 Content 1 Introduction (Motivation through Involvement) 2 The Important Road Ahead (Optimizing Value and Performance) A. What is Motivation B. What is Employee Involvement 3 Leading Characteristics (Management Styles/Organizational Behavior) A. Understanding the Sticks and Carrots Read MoreHow Leaders Motivate Employees And Organizations831 Words   |  4 Pageslike to address the problem of how leaders motivate employees in organizations. This is a general topic which can have a wide range of applicability (and that’s part of its appeal to me). But the problem of employee motivation, and how leaders can stimulate and/or make use of that motivation, is critical to the success of any organization. A leader can have the perfect plan of action and yet fall short of meeting their objective simply because they did not know how to generate momentum among theirRead MoreFrederick Herzberg1492 Words   |  6 Pagesarticle written by Frederick Herzberg himself are covered in this paper. Mr. Herzberg’s theory of management focuses on one area mainly. The area of focus deals with job satisfaction and everything that leads to job satisfaction. Unlike my previous papers, this paper will focus on one main subject. I will try to explain in detail the Herzberg theory. â€Å"Introduction† The Herzberg theory is the subject of this paper. The purpose of this paper is to explain Mr. Herzberg’s management theory. The backgroundRead MoreTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION AND PERFORMANCE1110 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation can be a key-contributing factor in employee performance. It is of great importance to an organization to recognize ways in which it can use employee motivation to positively affect employee performance. The methods used by organizations to motivate its employees are essential in determining how they affect employee performance. There are both positive and negative motivational tools that may be explored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between motivation andRead MoreHuman Resource Management Influence Organizational Outcomes1314 Words   |  6 Pagesenhancement of skill, motivation and opportunity on both proximal and distal outcomes of an organization. The results indicate that skill-enhancing practices w ere more positively related to human capital and less positively related to employee motivation than motivation-enhancing practices and opportunity-enhancing practices. Moreover, the three dimensions of HR systems were related to financial outcomes both directly and indirectly by influencing human capital and employee motivation as well as voluntaryRead MoreOrganisational Culture and Motivation1496 Words   |  6 PagesReading INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE As Desson and Clouthier (2010) state, culture is an important factor in both attracting and retaining desirable employees. The extent to which an employee’s needs and expectations are fulfilled will determine the motivation, job satisfaction and performance levels (Mullins, 2005, p. 499) which would be influenced by culture. XY Ltd (XY) established in 1944 has become the market leader in sea trade in Sri Lanka at present with the areas shipping, marine services andRead MoreOperations of Goodwill Industries International1190 Words   |  5 Pagesthis paper, we present an in-depth analysis of the operations of Goodwill Industries International is an independent, not-for-profit organizations that provides employment placement services, job training as well as other community-based programs for individuals who are disabled, lack education or any job experience or face employment challenges. Our analysis indicated that the huge gap or disparity between CEO and average employee pay resulted in low motivation among the workers.The paper exploresRead MoreResearch Proposal on the Impact of Motivation on Employee Job Performance934 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Proposal on The Impact of Motivation on Employee Job Performance The Impact of Motivation on Employee Job Performance Introduction People within an organization are harmoniously working together to satisfy one certain goal, whether short or long-term goal. The organization, as the collection of people, are expected to be deliver the best assets that they have which are the people bearing the knowledge and skills suitable to their position in the organization. Through the desirable performancesRead MoreEmployee Engagement Is The Main Asset For Delivering Services1218 Words   |  5 PagesEmployee Engagement-The Leader’s Role Priyanka Jain Dr. (Prof) Taranjeet Duggal Amity University Research Scholar Amity University Abstract- Human capital is the main asset for delivering services and bringing success to their organization, hence employee engagement has become an importantRead MoreEmployee Motivation in the Workplace Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesEmployee motivation in the workplace The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees. To do this the manager should be able to motivate employees. But thats easier said than done! Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, touching on several disciplines. In spite of enormous research, basic as well as applied, the subject of motivation is not clearly understood and more often than not poorly practiced. To understand motivation one must understand human

Eleven Case and the Industrial Relations System

Question: Discuss about the Eleven Case and the Industrial Relations System. Answer: Introduction: 7-Eleven, the largest convenience store chain of Australia has been under the scanner for over seven years. The reason for this being the alleged systematic underpayment of wages to its employees mostly international students. Investigations have also given indications of rosters and time sheets being doctored, store financials having wage bills that are understated and explosive documents in relation to payroll compliance (Hobday, 2016). The store reviews have provided further evidence of deep rooted rot within the Australian empire of 7-Eleven (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2015). This essay will discuss a brief summary of the report that was released by Fair Work Ombudsman (FWO) in April, 2016 on the findings of the inquiry that it carried out on the franchisees of 7-Eleven in view of the above allegations of systematic non-compliance with federal workplace laws. Besides this, it will also explain the failings or gaps that are present in the industrial relations system which enabled the convenience store to underpay its employees. Finally, recommendations will be provided which will help in protecting the rights of the employees so that they are prevented from being exploited on the same lines in future. Brief Summary of the 7 Eleven Inquiry The Fair Work Ombudsman carried out an inquiry into the franchise network of 7 Eleven. This was prompted by allegations from the employees of 7-Eleven regarding the systematic non-compliance with the federal laws in relation to the workplace. It had also come to light that several franchisees were falsifying the records in a deliberate move for disguising the underpayment of wages (Australian Government, 2016). The FW Act permits inquiry into any practice or act which is in contradiction to the Act, an instrument of fair work or safety net contractual entitlement (Australian Government, 2015). Thus, the purpose of such an inquiry by FWO was identifying if the allegations had a basis within the store network of 7-Eleven, what factors were the driving forces for non-compliant behaviour, were these factors being disguised and in case yes, then how, how was it possible to expose them and who was responsible for it. The inquiry looked to access the role as well as the involvement of the companys head office and if the franchise operating model was in itself a contributing factor to the unlawful behaviour that certain franchisees demonstrated. The aim of the inquiry was also to find out if the workers themselves turned out to be in participants in the non-compliance either inadvertently or reluctantly. The inquiry for structured in a way that it included several major activity components particul arly investigations on the basis of the assistance requests from the individual employees, testing allegations that were anonymous, engaging with 7-Eleven and forensic auditing of a sample of the stores in an in-depth manner (Australian Government, 2016). Based on the continuous concerns of the employees as well as intelligence the strategic inquiry by FWO started in a sample of 20 stores of 7-Eleven throughout the provinces of Queensland, NSW and Victoria in June, 2014. The aim of the inquiry was to test the allegations by means of site inspections in a coordinated manner followed by an analysis of record keeping of a sample of 20 stores of the company. Several in-depth investigations were also undertaken which revealed concerning levels of non-compliance with both the Fair Work Regulations 2009 and the Fair Work Act 2009 and many instances of records being deliberately manipulated for disguising underpayment of wages. Three of the five stores were found to be underpaying their staff (Australian Government, 2016). The investigations of sample stores and other stores which were investigated as a result of wider inquiry led to several enforcement action comprising filing of seven matters in the Federal Circuit Court, issuance of 20 caution letters, one enforceable undertaking, issuance of 3 notices of compliance and 14 notices of infringement along with the recovery of more than $293, 500 for the employees (Australian Government, 2016). It was found out by the inquiry that the approach of 7-Eleven to the matters of the workplace promoted compliance ostensibly but it also did not detect in an adequate manner or address the issue of deliberate non-compliance. Consequently, it compounded the matter. In certain specific instances, misleading and false records were created by the franchisees for satisfying the auditing as well as payroll regime of 7-Eleven while they continued to underpay their workers (Briton, 2015). Despite the presence of such signs, 7-Eleven did not make any substantial alterations in either its store review processes or its payroll system for targeting the risks related to incorrect record-keeping. The inquiry also suggested that the records or store practices were not interrogated sufficiently by the payroll section for uncovering the signs of non-compliance where they were hidden by the franchisee even though a reasonable basis was present before 7-Eleven to conduct inquiry and take action (Austra lian Government, 2016). The Failings (Gaps) are in the Industrial Relations System that Enabled 7-Eleven to Underpay its Workers The formal allegations related to non-compliance led to the identification of certain themes as well as practices related to gaps in the system of industrial relations which led to the workers being underpaid. The workforce of 7-Eleven largely consisted of international students from the backgrounds that were non-English speaking. Although the international student visas permit them to work for 40 hours in a fortnight, several of the students were working in excess of this. They are paid correctly on paper but half their pay is taken back by blackmailing them, indicating the existence of a cash-back scheme (Cox, 2016). Thus, they were employed in breach of their visa conditions and threatened with deportation in case they complained. Their wage records are falsified to show that they were working as per the requirements of the visa. A common feature of these kinds of allegations was the training periods that were unpaid and ranged from one shift to 14 days of work(Nunweek, 2015). It thus came to light that the intersection between the visa framework as well as the workplace relations system was apparently multiplying the vulnerable situation in which the workers found themselves. The international students in Australia are permitted to work for only 20 hours in a week but they were forced to work for 40 hours by the franchisees and then paid only for 20 hours. Therefore, if their base wage per hour is $24, they effectively receive only $12 (Branley, 2015). As per the law in Australia, the minimum wages cannot be undercut by the employers, even though the employees might make an offer of accepting the low rates. The employees also have to maintain at all times, accurate records related to time-and-wages. There are minimum pay rates that apply to everyone in Australia and are not negotiable. The employer cannot take advantage of any worker especially an overseas employee who may have limited knowledge of English and their rights of the workplace but the student s were threatened that if they tried to complaint they will end up losing their visas or being deported due to the breach of the conditions in their own visas (Nunweek, 2015). This way the franchisees took advantage of the gaps and exploited the vulnerability of these students by catching them in a vicious trap. Recommendations Recommendations which will protect the rights of employees from being exploited along similar lines in the future should first of all recognise the need of balancing the range of regulatory as well as policy settings that every framework is looking to address. In light of this, it is recommended that companies implement arrangements for effective governance which ensure that all the federal workplace laws are complied with. The companies having franchisees can also establish a staff consultative forum which can have representatives of the employees from the different parts of the network and this should be separate from the franchisees. These companies should accept their ethical as well as moral responsibility to make sure that their stores meet the expectations of the society and the community for fair, safe and equal work opportunities for every employee. The corporates like 7-Eleven also need to review their operating models for ensuring periodic reviews of their financial viabil ity and also legal exposure with respect to their agreements of franchising. An independent external party may be engaged for self-auditing their compliance. Steps should be taken for improving the employment related practices of the franchisees by implementation of changes that are not only permanent but also sustainable for a franchise model for ensuring that workplace relations law like the Fair Work Act, 2009 and other instruments related to it are complied with in full for every employee in all the franchisees. Conclusion The FWO inquiry was conducted particularly for figuring out if 7-Eleven had a part to play in the alleged employment record falsification and wage underpayment by the franchisees. It also looked for identifying and addressing the non-compliance drivers, the motivations along with the actions of the workplace participants. Its aim was to understand in a better way the roles of 7-Eleven, its franchises as well as its employees respectively in the culture and operating model of the network. It found that 7-Eleven did not take steps for rectifying this incorrect act of the franchisees despite having the sufficient reason to do so. Advantages were taken of the gaps in law by employing vulnerable international students in breach of their visa conditions. They were underpaid, exploited and threatened with deportation in case they complained. For avoiding such kind of exploitation in future and protecting the employee rights, a sustained effort is needed for which resources have to be alloca ted for a longer time period. A sustainable behaviour change has to be driven top down and the culture of compliance has to be rebuilt by a strong leadership as false record-keeping has apparently been ingrained within each and every aspect of the network. References Australian Government. (2016). A Report of the Fair Work Ombudmans Inquiry into 7- Eleven: Identifying and addressing the drivers of non-compliance in the 7-Eleven network . Australia: Australian Government. Australian Government. (2015 ). Fair Work Handbook. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from Fairwork Ombudsman: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/712/Fair-Work-Handbook.pdf.aspx Australian Government. (2016). Fair Work Obudsman: Statement of 7-Eleven. Retrieved August 31, 2016, from Australian Government: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/about-us/news-and-media-releases/2016-media-releases/april-2016/20160409-7-eleven-presser Branley, A. (2015 ). 7-Eleven staff work twice as long at half pay rate, investigation reveals. ABC News . Briton, B. (2015 ). 7-Eleven scandal: The tip of a low-wage iceberg. Guardian (Sydney) . Cox, D. (2016 ). 7-Eleven wage scam: Union says it has evidence cash-back scheme is 'still alive and kicking'. ABC News . Hobday, L. (2016 ). 7-Eleven wage underpayment claims taking too long: Allan Fels. ABC News . Nunweek, J. (2015 ). Lessons from 7-Elevens scam. Overland Literary Journal . The Sydney Morning Herald. (2015). How 7 Eleven is Ripping off its workers.. The Sydney Morning Herald .

Comparative Analysis of Financial Statements Between Two Companies free essay sample

The company with lower ratio, Reed Elsevier in our case, has higher debt burden. Even though it was much lower than competitor’s ratio, Reed Elsevier does not have difficulties generating the necessary cash to pay its interest obligations. The consistency of earnings is tremendously important in this case. If the interest coverage ratio would be below 1. 0, it would signal that the business is having difficulties generating cash to cover its obligations. Net Income from Continuing Operation After all of the expenses are deducted, the company is left with a figure called net income from continuing operations. This is a calculation of the profit from its continuing operations generated during the period. If we look at net income from continuing operations of Reed Elsevier, we can see increase by 302m due to increase in finance income, and disposal and other non-operating items. Net income from continuing operating of Thompson Corporation has also increased by 184m due to considerable decrease in net interest expense and other financing costs. Gross Profit Margin Gross profit margin will help us to understand company’s manufacturing and distribution efficiency during the production process. Gross Profit divided byTotal Revenue Reed Elsevier: 4,322 / 6,693 = 0. 6 Thomson Corporation: 2,021 / 7,296 = 0. 3 Reed Elsevier has a higher profit margin than Thomson and therefore appears to be more efficient. However, the information for Thomson is not as accurate as it should as the amount for Cost of Sales includes marketing and administrative expenses. Operating Margin Lets look at yet another indicator of management’s efficiency in these two companies and that’s is operating margin. Operating margin for the Thompson Corporation: 1,297 / 7,296 = 0. 7 Operating margin for Reed Elsevier: 1,296 / 6,693 = 0. 19 The operating margin of Reed Elsevier is a little bit higher, which means the company has lower fixed costs and a better gross margin. It gives company’s management more flexibility in determining prices and also provides an added measure of safety during tough economic times. Interest coverage ratio To better understand company’s short-term financial health, we can calculate interest coverage ratio for each of these corporations: Thompson Corporation has the following ratio: 1,263 / 167 = 7. 5 Reed Elsevier: 1,388 / 203= 6. The interest coverage ratio of Reed Elsevier is lower than that of Thompson’s. The company with lower ratio, Reed Elsevier in our case, has higher debt burden. Even though it was much lower than competitor’s ratio, Reed Elsevier does not have difficulties generating the necessary cash to pay its interest obligations. The consistency of earnings is tremendously important in this case. If the interest coverage ratio would be below 1. 0, it would signal that the business is having difficulties generating cash to cover its obligations. Net Income from Continuing Operation After all of the expenses are deducted, the company is left with a figure called net income from continuing operations. This is a calculation of the profit from its continuing operations generated during the period. If we look at net income from continuing operations of Reed Elsevier, we can see increase by 302m due to increase in finance income, and disposal and other non-operating items. Net income from continuing operating of Thompson Corporation has also increased by 184m due to considerable decrease in net interest expense and other financing costs. Net Income from Discontinued Operations? The amount shown on the income statement under discontinued operations is the profit made during the period from the businesses that will not be a part of the company in the future. The net profit for the year of Reed Elsevier is higher almost by 50% due to the profit made from discontinued operations. The net profit of the Thompson Corporation has also grown by almost 4 times, which is also due mostly to the earnings from discontinued operations. Net Profit Margin Now let’s see how much profit a company makes for every $ 1 it generates in revenue. Profit margins vary by industry, but all else being equal, the higher a company’s profit margin compared to its competitors, the better. Reed Elsevier: 1,713 / 6,693= 0. 26 Thompson: 1,096 / 7,296 = 0. 15 Return on Equity (ROE) One of the most important profitability metrics is return on equity. Return on equity reveals how much profit a company earned in comparison to the total amount of shareholder equity. It’s what the shareholders â€Å"own†. A business that has a high return on equity is more likely to be one that is capable of generating cash internally. For the most part, the higher a company’s return on equity compared to its industry, the better. Let’s calculate ROE for Thomson: the earnings for 2007 were 4,004, and the average shareholder equity for the period is 13,571, thus ROE= 4,004 / 13,571 = 0. 29 ROE for the Reed Elsevier: the earning for 2007 were 1,713. The total shareholder equity for the period is 4,032, therefore the ROE = 1,713 / 4,032 = 0. 42 *** Cash flow statement As another major component of the financial statement, cash flow statement reflects the cash and cash equivalent flows of an entity. Here we observe the two companies’ cash flow statement in detail. On Reed Elsevier, the cash flow is shown as below, which indicates the cash sources and uses from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Cash Flow Statement – Reed Elsevier (Euro) By 31 December 2007, total net cash generated from operating activities amounted to 1,213m, after deducting tax and interest payments. However, the net cash from operating activities dropped by 93m against fiscal year 2006. We also see a positive status of cash flow as there was huge cash inflows of 2,674m from discontinued operations, resulting from selling off a major business segment of higher education (Harcourt Education). This facilitates the company’s focus on professional research field and also supports the company for further acquisition and development. With this additional source of cash, we have seen tremendous growth in the increase of cash and cash equivalents to 3,355m at the end of 2007. ### On Thomson Corporation: In the same Accounting period, total cash generated from operating activities in 2007 decreased by 309m, while at the same time, Thomson also made decisions on disposal of specific business units (law), thus generated huge amount of cash flows by 7,151m. In a similar scenario like Reed Elsevier, Thomson obtained tremendous amount of cash flow from disposal of business units, and we have good reasons to speculate the company will have big moves on acquisition or on investing. (Actual result: in 2008, Thomson acquired Reuters and strengthened its position in information industry. ) Cash Flow Statement – Thomson (US Dollars) Cash flow is a crucial financial indicator to show a company’s profitability and solvency. Lack of cash can be a big obstacle for the growth, but oversized cash flow can also be a burden if the company does not use it properly. *** Balance sheet Balance Sheet Reed Elsevier (Euro) Balance Sheet – Thomson (U. S dollars) The main purpose of balance sheet is to determine if a company is financially strong and economically efficient. Balance sheet tells us how much money the company has, how much it owes, and what is left for the stockholders. When looking at a company’s current assets, we need to pay special attention to the inventory. Inventory consists of merchandise that a company owns but has not sold. However, it can be sold in the near future, and can be turned into cash. But we also know that when inventory piles up, it faces two major risks. The first is the risks of obsolesce and another one is the risk of spoilage. Spoilage occurs when a product goes bad, this is a serious concern for companies that make or sell perishable goods. Since the companies in questions are providers of scientific, technical and medical information and solutions, it can not face the risk of spoilage however can be subjected to obsolesce, it actually loses value as time passes. Information provided by these companies needs to be constantly updated to keep up with technological advances. Thus, the faster a company sells its inventory, the smaller the risk of value loss. When we look at company’s balance sheet and make an informed decision about how much the inventory worth, we should base this decision on how fast the inventory is turned. We should divide current years cost of goods sold by average inventory for the period. Read Elsevier: 2371: ((368+943)/2) = 3. 6 It means Read Elsevier sells its entire inventory 3. 6 times a year. We do not know if it is a good indicator unless we compare it with the result for company’s competitor. Thompson Corporation has not inventory declared on its balance sheet. Reeds Elsevier clears its inventory 6. 3 times per year 365:6. = 101 days Working Capital Why do we need to know about working capital of a company? Because it reveals more about the financial condition of a business than almost any other calculation do. It tells us what would be left if a company raised all of its short-term resources, and used them to pay off its short term liabilities. The more working capital, the less financial str ain a company experiences. If company has enough working capital, we can clearly see if it has resources necessary to expand internally, or it has to turn to a bank for loan. Current assets – current liabilities= working capital Reed Elsevier: 5,570-5,260=310 Thomson: 9,678-3,239 = 6,439 Thomson’s working capital is much higher than the one of Reed Elsevier’s. Poor capital leads to financial pressure on a company borrowing and late payments to creditor. Current ratio Current ratio is another indicator of a company’s financial strength. It calculates how many dollars in assets are likely to be converted to cash within one year in order to pay debts that come due during the same year. Total current assets / total current liabilities = current ratio Reed Elsevier: 5,570 / 5,260 =1. 06 Thomson: 9,678 / 3,239 =2. 9 For most companies, 1. 5 is an acceptable current ratio. As the number approaches or falls below 1 (which means the company has a negative working capital), you will need to take a close look at the business and make sure there are no liquidity issues. Thomson has higher current ratio which reiterates its financial strength. *** Final thought All our calculations and observations i ndicate that both companies have no risk of bankruptcy. Reed Elsevier has acceptable current ratio, and Thomson’s current ratio is quite strong. Both companies have enough working capital. Even though both companies do not have financial issues, Thompson’s financial position appears to be stronger based on calculated ratios. Another interest trend we spotted is that both companies are working to repositioning, by disposing less profitable or strategically poor performing business units. With huge amount of cash at hand, both companies are looking for acquisitions to strengthen their competitiveness in respective fields. We should have enough reason to see future acquisitions or restructuring happening at the companies. Appendix Major Financial ratios Note: Due to the unavailability of some necessary data like share price at certain time, number of common shares at certain time, and tax rate, etc. , the ratios of P/E ratio, ROA are not available. ) 4Net income1713. 00 ROE (Return on shareholders euqity)0. 42 Net income4004. 00ROE (Return on shareholders euqity)0. 29 Shareholders equity4032. 00 Shareholders equity13571. 00 The shareholders equity in Reed is 4032 pound and the shareholders equity of Thomson is 13571 USD. If only compare these two numvers, it is obvious that Thomson shareholders investment is higher than Reeds.

Integrated Marketing Communication

Integrated marketing communication is a systematic process of managing good customer relations through effective communication. The process tries to ensure all procedures of communication and messages received are interlinked together. It mainly deals with interlinking all promotions tools in order to create harmonious relationship between the customers and the stakeholder.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Blizzard is cream product meant for people of all walks of life. It has been in the market for over 25 years now. Due to its long stay in the market, the product needs to adopt a unique marketing approach that would ensure that its market share remains with the targeted group. Various techniques of communication should be applied in order to increase its audience and to reach as many customers as possible. Based on the stage of developm ent of the product in the life-cycle of the product, the following combination of media approaches will be of great use to marketing Blizzard. Use of media such as radio and television which are mostly used by many people this will ensure that a wide group of people will be reached by the information. Magazines and newspapers which have a wide popularity should be applied as a mean of communication, this will ensure that must people will read about the product also a lot of information about the product will be given in details. Internet is another good means of communication that can effectively be used to reach many youths across the nation. The use of internet will enable the company to reach even those outside the locality of dairy Queens as far as sales are concerned. The advertisement by use of the internet can also incorporate social media which would promote the awareness of the product among the youths as they are known to be heavy consumers of the social media. To promote the product, it is important to adopt a marketing approach that will ensure that the product achieves the targeted sales. The marketing mix that will be appropriate for the product will utilize four tools of the traditional five tools of marketing mix. The four tools as identified by Armstrong and Kotler, (2009), are advertising, sales promotion, public relations and finally direct marketing. Personal selling is not appropriate due to the small units of the product in question. To promote the product it should be marketed to the specified niche whereby all efforts are concentrated towards the likes of the identified group. Blizzards do well among the youths, young couples and young families. The product shall therefore be marketed to this group by use of trendy adverts that captures the attention of the identified group. The advertisement shall be used to promote a good relationship of the target customers and the products.Advertising Looking for research paper on business eco nomics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To promote public relations, the company can also sponsor various events that the target groups are expected to attend. This would improve the product image among the people. In such events, the company can also use sales promotion to ensure that the overall performance of the product is good. As noted by Immonen, (2008), a good marketing mix must be able to address the desires of majority of the customers. The identified marketing mix meets this criterion as it focuses mostly on what will please the target group. The identified approaches also may be aligned to the fast moving members of generation Y as well as young youths who are main consumers of the identified product. With such an approach, Dairy Queen can remain sure that the relevance of the identified product in the market remains high. References Armstrong, G., A. and Kotler, P. (2009). Marketing: an introduction. 9th Ed. New York: Cengage Immonen, A. (2008). Product Lifecycle Management. New York: Springer. This research paper on Integrated Marketing Communication was written and submitted by user Jocelynn E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Integrated Marketing Communication Introduction This paper shall discuss the importance of understanding and appreciating the various IMC tools to those who work in the field of advertising and promotion as well as the challenges faced when doing online marketing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Importance of understanding and appreciating the various IMC tools to those who work in the field of advertising and promotion Understanding and appreciating the use of IMC tools are useful to those who work in advertising and promotional fields, because it helps in the creation of a competitive advantage for the firm. Moreover, it helps in boosting the sales and the profits that a firm makes as well as saving the firm a lot of money and time that are considered to be important resources in a firm. This helps in reduction of stress. Again, IMC is mostly customer centered. This means that a ll communication is aimed at reaching the customer without any contradictions. This helps the customers to go through the process of buying without any problems. An organization using IMC presents a good image of it to those observing them and at the same time improves its relationship with the customers. An example of a company that has used IMC strategy for marketing its product is the â€Å"GUINNESS IT’S ALIVE INSIDE†. Instead of coming up with new advertisements for the various media, which they wanted to use to advertise their products, a single idea was adopted. It is the idea that was used in their various communications, advertising and promotion of the products. This ensured that a message that was consistent and devoid of any contradictions was passed across to the target audience. The use of ‘relationship marketing’ strategy, advocated for by IMC, helps in the creation of a strong bond between a firm and its customers. It is such a bond that ens ures loyal customers of the firm, who can not be compelled easily to leave the firm. With such loyal customers the firm is assured of success, despite having many competitors. Being able to retain these loyal customers for their entire life without being swayed around is a competitive advantage to the firm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An increase in the effectiveness and efficiency of services rendered by the firm, which come as a result of using IMC, help in increasing the profits of a firm. The use of IMC helps in ensuring that only credible messages are communicated to the customers because there is consistency in the communication offered. Therefore, the buyers are confident when buying from such firms. This is an advantage to the firm. An example of a company that has done this is â€Å"GUINNESS IT’S ALIVE INSIDE†. Through its integrated campaigns, whe reby a single idea was employed in all its adverts, the company was able to achieve consistency in its delivery of messages to the customers. Challenges in on-line marketing With the increased use of the internet globally an on-line presence of every company has become a necessity. In addition to the traditional methods of advertising, such as the use of radio and television, on-line marketing has become a necessity to most companies. However, this shift to on-line marketing by various companies is not without some challenges, which have to be overcome, if this method of marketing is to be profitable to the companies. One of the challenges faced when doing on-line marketing is brand awareness, because of the extensive marketing that is needed in order to break through. Brand awareness for those who do internet marketing is something that involves the use of a lot of time and resources to develop. Again, a lot of expertise is needed in the development of brand awareness in on-line ma rketing. The other common challenge faced has to do with security problems, as well as privacy concerns. This is one of the major challenges faced by on-line marketers because the web is something that is vast and expansive, such that making it completely contained and secure becomes a major challenge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The presence of hackers and people who practice other forms of online theft, taking advantage of companies that do their businesses online and unsuspecting customers, is a major challenge. Because of this bad reputation, which has marred online businesses and marketing, customers are not confident enough to divulge confidential information that may be required in order to do online transactions. Winning the confidence of customers and ensuring that their details are kept confidential and secure is one of the challen ges faced. McDonald’s, one of the world’s largest restaurants that provides its customers with quality fast foods, has been on the front line in advocating and ensuring that privacy concerns of their clients are taken care of. The restaurant has a privacy policy that guarantees all the customers that any information they offer will be treated with utmost confidentiality. How to handle the rapid growth and expansion that a company may experience due to internet marketing is also a challenge that most companies need to address. As the company grows, the need for additional workforce may arise and some companies may not be in a position to hire more employees. Again, the company may not be ready for any major expansions, which may be a major challenge to them. Moreover, the purchase of additional servers due to the high volume traffic may be necessary and the company may not be ready. Conclusion The use of IMC is very beneficial to those who work in the field of advertisi ng and promotion. Some of the benefits include creation of a competitive advantage for the firm, creation of loyal customers and dissemination of credible messages only. Some of the challenges involved in online marketing are brand awareness, security problems and privacy concerns along with a query regarding how to handle the rapid growth and expansion. This essay on Integrated Marketing Communication was written and submitted by user Sidney Frederick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Integrated Marketing Communication Abstract The currently integrated marketing communication concepts have been developing over time. They have moved from the historical marketing approaches that focused on the 4Ps to the current interactive market-place IMC.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The argument is that marketing itself and marketing communication concepts are developing. The development of the integrated marketing communication is illustrated through structural and theoretical perspectives of three market-places which are presented according to location and information technology control. The assertion is that as information technology changes from one market-place to the next, definitive changes in the need for communication also develop. In addition, a furnished description of integrated marketing communication concept is provided. Based on this description, a four-stag e alteration of IMC progression has been anticipated as businesses move from one period of IMC to the next based on their capabilities in capturing and managing information technology. Introduction In the last two decades, marketing and marketing communication have been working differently from the previous periods. In fact, marketing and marketing communication are under crucial scrutiny, especially with the advent of information communication technology (Cornelissen Lock, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing and marketing communication emerge not only under the scrutiny of the organization boardrooms but also questioned around the globe. This scenario is quite unique, given the current information age. From this contrast, it can be deduced that marketing and marketing communication are undergoing a transformation. These evolutions provide a stage in which new approaches to marketing, communication and marketing communication could be innovated and implemented. Various researches recently done indicate that the integration of marketing communication tools offer the best solution to the current problems being faced. Integration is the incorporation of a wide range of activities and functions that have influence and impact on the dynamic flow of information between the firm and the stakeholders (Belch Belch, 2006). The stakeholders, in this case, comprise of the customers, employees, shareholders, prospects as well as other crucial audiences. In other words, focusing on independent disciplines such as the public relations, advertising and sales promotion no longer holds true. It is also inappropriate to limit the responsibilities of marketing communication to a single outbound channel of communication. These are old concepts that have been found to be unable to fit and fulfill the needs of the current organization, customers or prospects.A dvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated Marketing Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These concepts no longer fit the current firms because they were developed for those organizations that no longer drive businesses and for the market-place that do not exist as well as for media organizations whose dominances are long gone (Belch Belch, 2006). Therefore, there is need for an integrated form of marketing communication that incorporates all the disciplines of marketing, and that can fit the current scenario alongside meeting the need of the current market. This paper will be discussing this form of integrated marketing communication as it appears in the twenty-first century, putting emphasis on its application in the last twenty years. The paper will discuss how organizations have been applying the integrated marketing communication giving detailed applications, providing examples of those organiza tions which have failed and those that have succeeded in their quest for integrated marketing communication. The discussions will be in relation to the approaches of IMC applied in the current global market-place. Transformations of marketing communication It has been found that approaches to IMC have gone through minimal changes. However, the market-place where most organizations operate have transformed substantially (Fill, 1999). The dynamic transformations have been driven by the application of information technology. The traditional market-place was dominated by the mass market where the mass media-driven organizations were devoted to product differentiation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These organizations employed the information technology in areas including mass distribution systems, consumer research and mass media to capture the largest share of the market (Cornelissen Lock, 2000). They also applied such strategies, including product differentiation and brand development in order to dominate the market. Early market-places were dominated by first entry organizations. By virtue of being the first in the market-place, these organizations captured the larger market share, dominated the media and distribution channels as well as consumer using distinguished services or products which could not easily be simulated (Hutton, 1996). With the development of technology, market-place began to change as products proliferated, albeit few attributes to distinguish them from their competitors (Hutton, 1996). In addition, the media became more specialized and fragmented. There was tremendous consolidation within channel segments. The acquisitions and integration of business have been occurring at a higher frequency as stronger organizations continue to acquire weaker competitors and expand the franchise into new regions and markets (Kitchen De Pelsmacker, 2004). As a result, businesses that were traditionally localized have expanded to international levels giving buyers massive influence on bargaining with the manufacturers (Fill, 1999). As the organizations go through these changes, information technology also shifted its focus to the distribution channels away from the marketers or manufacturers. The computers, Universal Product Code dubbed UPC, magnetic strip bank, scanners and credit cards made it cheap, easy and fast to capture data on consumers (Pickton Broderick, 2005). For instance, who the consumers are, where they buy and what are their preferences. The shift in IT altered the power in the market-place with the distribution channels being favored over the marketers and the manufacturers (Schultz Schultz, 1998). The reason is that the distr ibution channels have more information than the markets or the manufactures. Today, the consumer product categories are dominated by retail that has close relationship with the consumer. With this realization, the large organization has changed their marketing strategy using highly sophisticated retail distribution channels. Changes in the market-place as a result of information technology determines the way large organizations will be spending their marketing funds through pricing and location to sway and hold the customers (Schultz Schultz, 1998). Currently, the market-place is dominated by the retail and distribution systems that control the direct access to consumers and end-users. However, a new model is emerging where the consumers are dominating. The reason is that the consumers have become the controller of IT. Systems such as the tall free numbers, international credit cards, overnight delivery services have already been developed and in the hands of the consumer (Schultz Schultz, 1998). With these technology, consumers can identify the products, easily access information and make purchases at any time and in any place they find convenient. The current market-place is interactive, fast and easy, driven by internet and World Wide Web and it is more convenient than ever before (Shimp, 2008). This form of market is brought about by IT, which in effect drives the electronic commerce. In other words, IT has changed the status quo where the market-place is driven by the needs of the consumers, when they need the product and the condition in which they want their products. In addition, the consumers have a direct linkage with the producers; make a decision on important issues, the product values and the type of correlations are required (Schultz Schultz, 1998). The need for new approaches to marketing communication It is unfortunate that the existing marketing and marketing communication advances and theories are intended for the conventional market-place . The indication is that new changes that are taking place in the current market-place have not been tested or new models have not been developed for the current market-place practices. The market-place is currently moving towards the consumer from the marketer/manufacturer domination (Pickton Broderick, 2005). It is as a result of IT that these changes are taking place. The transformation of IT is the driving force for these changes and at the same time, enables communication solutions. As discussed, IT was formerly used by the marketing/manufacturing organizations so as to have the market power, it then used by the distribution channels and eventually exceeded to the consumer (Schultz Schultz, 1998). Each of these market-places has specific needs of marketing and marketing communication tools. Moreover, every market-place has a fundamental necessity to put together the communications. However, these integration communication need becomes more complex as market-place changes (Sch ultz Schultz, 1998). As was mentioned before, marketing and marketing communications must transform to be in accordance with the needs of the current market-place (Pickton Broderick, 2005). Successful organizations tend to adopt new communication tools that are appropriate to each market position. Moreover, as the organizations changes to the new market-places, they encounter various challenges in their marketing communication program (Hutton, 1996). These challenges signify the stages of integrated marketing communication. In as much as organizations have moved away from the traditional market-places, some categories of organizations in some places are still found in such market. For instance, those organizations protected by patents and organizations that enjoy near-absolute or absolute monopolistic distribution advantages or products (Schultz Schultz, 1998). However, as deregulation and competition increase the advantages these companies enjoy will eventually erode. In this tr aditional market-place, the main communication challenge is to come up with compelling and concordant massages, which can be delivered in a coordinated and synergistic way (Schultz Schultz, 1998). This is a challenge, particularly as the structure of the companies operating in these markets expands and they become international. Initially, integrated marketing communication was a response to the practical needs of the organization to achieve more significant impact and consistency across different products divisions and regions (Schultz Schultz, 1998). Some organizations still use the same approach. As the market develops into the current market-place, organizations need to be imaginative and novel in their marketing plan. In addition, they must create a better configuration between the marketing and marketing communication as well as field sales forces to enhance the significance of their brand in the eyes of both the channel and ultimate purchasers (Schultz Schultz, 1998). This demands for coordinated, multi-level approach to communication that take into consideration end-users channel customers, consumers and the organization employees (Schultz Schultz, 1998). The evolving IMC concept IMC has been discussed by both practitioners and academics for approximately a decade before they can reach an accord on what exactly is IMC and how marketers benefit from it. Major agencies and advertisers in the United States in their studies acknowledge IMC as a marketing communication planning concept which is acquainted with the added values of an all-inclusive program that assesses the premeditated functioning of various communication disciplines. The disciplines include public relations, sales promotion, direct responses and general advertising. IMC merges all these disciplines to offer maximum communication impact, consistency and clarity. Schultz and Schultz (1998) conducted a research in 1996 to find out whether the IMC definition was adequate. Their findings ind icated that executives from most advertising agencies had nothing to add in this definition. However, other executives quoted that the product message and consumers materialize as the starting points. Others claimed that IMC is more than just a plan and should incorporate quantifying and measurement elements since it emerges as a product-oriented concept. It commences with clients orientation and initiates integrated strategies that other disciplines might endeavour to work against. Initially, organizations concentrated on marketing communication operations and tactics. Such organizations have recently recognized that there must be a more comprehensive and holistic approach to justify their actions to the corporations’ management and build customer relationships (Belch Belch, 2006). Considering changes in marketing communication management context and how organizations have implemented IMC, a novel definition capturing both the future and current IMC scope has been developed . According to the new definition, integrated marketing communication is observed as a strategic business procedure. It can be utilized in planning, developing, executing, and evaluating persuasive, measurable, coordinated brand communiquà © programmes overtime with prospects, clients, consumers as well as other relevant internal and external objectives. The current definition of IMC is distinct from the previous attempts, given that its concentration is on business procedures and actions. Since the primary target for all businesses is to attract and retain clients, the currently applied IMC concept creates systems that are closed-looped. These enable each communication activity to be properly evaluated, implemented and planned. In fact, IMC is presently being driven or directed by clients’ information. It requires corporations to comprehend clients brand contacts and perceptions, but of great essence is to offer fundamental methodologies unto which all investment decisions can be evaluated and communicated. That is, when compared to the past, IMC currently lays more emphasis on potential and current values of consumers to a corporation by focusing on clients evaluations (Shimp, 2008). The current levels of Integrated Marketing Communication Apparently, integration does not have a single path. Every corporation tends to approach the IMC opportunities and challenges based on the availability of clients’ information, channel dependency and business nature. These must, however, have the support of the management and strategically directed by the corporation. Due to IMC implications, barriers and issues, organizations have adopted a sequential pattern of achieving success in their business endeavors and the main focus is to satisfy clients’ needs. Thus, corporations that are truly integrated are obliged to display competencies in the requirements and activities in all the four phases (Cornelissen Lock, 2000). First phase: Tactical coordinati on Most corporations enter into integrated marketing communication system to synchronize varied communication activities across countries, regions, divisions and products. From the fiscal 1980 to 1990s, corporations adopted various techniques and tools in sending messages to business prospects and clients. During these periods, marketing communication as was used in earlier markets constituted mostly of partial options. These included broad-based public relations, outdoor billboards, mass circulation of magazines, major metro newspapers and broadcast advertising. Nevertheless, as most media systems emerged to be more fragmented and specialized, each of them had tailored campaigns directed towards delivering typical messages to the specialised consumers segments (Jackson, 1987). Furthermore, the customarily used marketing communication tools that experienced tremendous growth. Such marketing tools included sponsorships, cooperative ventures, custom publishing, event marketing, sales promotions, direct marketing, as well as interactive and electronic tools. According to this phase, IMC initially promised to create one sound, one sight through instituting a general organization intended to merge communication forecast. Often, marketing communication was centralized, whereby planning each and every campaign element took place in concerts to help realise enhanced success. Others promoted the development of strong business strategies on tones, usage and instituting business messages while leaving the marketing managers to execute the whole plan to help achieve business outcomes (Belch Belch, 2006). The main aim of the adopted IMC strategies was to ensure that all the consumers and clients’ needs are met. Cross functionality is an added hallmark in the first phase of integration. Various corporations have developed different cross-functional approaches to realize advance competencies. This is not only meant to manage personal communication efforts but to simi larly achieve dynamism and synergies athwart all the undertaken activities. Beside, marketing divisions in the last twenty years have created cross-functional marketing teams that consist of direct marketing, public relations, communication experts and specialties. The main aim of these teams is to attract and retain the attention of consumers. Such teams create multidimensional communication and media on particular services and products (Kliatchko, 2008). Investing in cross-functional communication expert training is another approach that currently enables departmental market members to have confidence in the most efficient strategies and applications in various communiquà © tools. Marketing agencies have particularly adopted the one sound, one sight promise approach. This is because they have seen integrated marketing communication as an opening for offering greater service menus to the consumers. Basically, key marketing agencies have gone thru a frantic period as they try to pu rchase particular discipline associates across the globe and acquire specialty stores in public relations, sales promotion and direct marketing. The aim is to effortlessly service all the consumers’ demands using a broad-based agency umbrella (Hutton, 1996). The approach is actually diverse. Whereas many companies search for agency conglomerates so as to organize and integrate the assorted programmes across the universe, other corporations give preferences to managing the processes of integration themselves. This means that various suppliers and agencies that hardly have direct contacts are used by these corporations that keep the coordination tasks in-house. The second phase: Redefining the marketing communication scope The level of consistency and coordination is hardly enough for most corporations. This obliges them to redefine the marketing communication scope. In reality, corporations are currently attempting to switch to the viewpoints of the end-users, consumers, and c lients from the widely embraced corporate operation driven viewpoint. Instead of seeing marketing communiquà ©s as outbound activities sequences that ought to be managed to attain the desired level of efficiency and effectiveness, marketing organizations are currently considering each probable point via which the consumers and clients alike might come in touch with the products or marketed brands. Usually, the product or brands contacts have information that bear clients experience with the product or brand categories. As a result, product brand contact experience is regarded as an aspect that varies from a particular client to next, hence a highly personalized subject (Pickton Broderick, 2005). Whereas the customary brand communication activities are apparently the most essential contacts for product brands, marketers are forced to look for the most effective marketing communication channels that would create an influential contact to challenge the consumers purchasing decisions. The consumers are bound to be driven by marketing communication functions which either subtract or add substantially to the product brand identity and messages that area communicated via outbound communication actions. As a matter fact, customers do not differentiate marketing messages coming from the accounting, operations and marketing departments. The clients and consumers only observe their complete experiences with a corporation and accordingly form their preferences and perceptions (Duncan Everett, 1993). Thus, it is an essential facet of an integrated marketing communiquà © to realign the communication strategies so as to appear as the clients observe them. Corporations stand a chance of putting their marketing communication programmes under decisive reality checks when they put brand contacts and messages at each point. This assists in shifting the message focus to a clear comprehension of what consumers receive. Besides, it would enable a corporation to understand the ma nner in which consumers perceive relevant brand messages. Third phase: Application of information technology In the past twenty years, IT has enabled business solutions and drove the marketing communication changes. Organizations through the third phase have been able to harness the emerging technologies potentials and power to improve marketing performances. The application of IT has facilitated the manner in which product marketing messages are delivered to various targets, including business prospects and consumers. Sophisticated mailing systems could be utilized to customize offers and generate personalized messages. Moreover, databases have been used as benchmarks for storing and capturing information related to prospects, consumers, and clients (Kliatchko, 2008). Fourth phase: Financial and strategic integration To orient an IMC, the organizations management must play decisive roles, including aligning the organization and allocating resources. From the closed-loop marketing c ommunication system diagram below, it emerges that two issues are critical. These include the capacity to measure clients’ investments returns and the capacity to utilize integrated marketing communication in driving strategic and organizational resources (Schultz Schultz, 1998). These instigate from the present clients databases directly to indirect or direct measurement of the clients’ behaviours. Figure 1: Closed-loop integrated marketing communication system An example of a successful IMC campaign â€Å"Just Do It†, is one of the integrated marketing campaigns that hard hit the market in the fiscal 1998. This campaign strategy came in when Reebok dominated the sportswear market. In fact, the Just Do It IMC campaign saw Nike Company making sales return amounting to $9.2 billion. The campaign was indeed sweet, short and summarize anything individuals and groups felt they wanted training. An example of an unsuccessful IMC campaign Basically, Wal-Mart Consumer retail stores had one of the worst IMC campaigns that were deemed very unsuccessful. The IMC campaign, â€Å"The Hub† really failed to draw and attract the attention of consumers and clients alike. Wal-Mart failed because it went and cloned MySpace and whoever the site was called â€Å"Hubsters†. References Belch, G. E. Belch, M. A. 2006, Advertising and promotion: An integrated marketing communications perspective, McGraw-Hill, Boston. Cornelissen, J. P. Lock, A. R. 2000, â€Å"Theoretical concept or management fashion? Examining the significance of IMC,† Journal of Advertising Research, vol.40 no.5, pp.77-89. Duncan, T. R. Everett, S. S. 1993, â€Å"Client perceptions of integrated marketing communications†, Journal of Advertising Research, May/June, 30-9 Fill, C. 1999, Marketing communications: contexts, contents and strategies, Prentice Hall, London. Hutton, J. H. 1996, â€Å"Integrated marketing communication and the evolution of marketing tho ught,† Journal of Business Research, 37, 155-62 Jackson, P. 1987, Corporate communications for managers, Pitman, London. Kitchen, P. De Pelsmacker, 2004, Integrated marketing communications: A primer, Routledge, New York. Kliatchko, J. 2008, â€Å"Revisiting the IMC construct†, International Journal of Advertising, pp.133-160. Pickton, D. Broderick, A. 2005, Integrated marketing communications, Pearson Education, England. Schultz, D. E. Schultz, H. F. 1998, â€Å"Transitioning marketing communication in the twenty-first century†, Journal of Marketing Communication, vol.4, pp.9-26. Shimp, T. A. 2008, Integrated marketing communications: Advertising and promotion, Thomson South Western, USA. This essay on Integrated Marketing Communication was written and submitted by user Jaden Santos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Integrated marketing communication Integrated Marketing Communication

Essay on Medicare Part A and B For High School Students

Essay on Medicare Part A and B For High School StudentsThe big question is: how to start an essay on Medicare Part A and B for a High School Student? The simple answer is... a LOT of preparation. If you were reading a textbook or doing a research paper, you may not need this much extra work, but you're going to find yourself juggling a number of papers and essays by the time you're done writing.One thing to remember is that the amount of detail you'll need will vary from person to person. Someone who's never taken a medical class before might find some of the topics to be quite dry. On the other hand, someone who's been studying medicine for a long time will have to provide an essay that's geared toward the student.After that, it will fall into place on where to start the med student. If you have access to a high school, there are likely already books that are available. You can also use the internet. Find some resources on the internet for high school students and that can either be a resource book or a small book or booklet.There are several other types of resources you could use to prepare for your essay on Medicare Part A and B. If you want to learn more about these resources, you can check out online forums and ask them what resources they found helpful in preparing for this exam. You might even consider hiring a tutor.I recommend you don't use a health care student tutoring service, however. They might offer to come to your school or college and tutor you in their free time, but what if you don't need them in the next few months? What if you've already worked for several months to get to this point?Then the essay for Medicare Part A and B may just be easier to write. In addition, if you find you're having a hard time with it, chances are they can help you make it better and they'll do it for free.So whatever you decide to do, I hope you learn all you can about your topic area on the subject of Medicare Part A and B. The more you know, the better prepared you'll be to meet this exam. This could be your chance to finally land a job in healthcare and you deserve it!