The Role of Value Chain Model Essay - 1817 Words

2 From value chains to value networks and inter firm relationship 2.1 The evolution of the concepts of value chain Porter ´s value chain model shaped our way of understanding and analyzing industries for the past 30 years. It explores the links between the activities to be undertaken in order to commercialize a product in the market and how these activities add value to the final delivery (Peppard and Rylander, 2006). It focus on the value creation processes within the firms, not on the inter firms links in the value chain (Kothandaraman and Wilson, 2001) and how the different links influence the competitiveness of the industries (Peppard and Rylander, 2006). Therefore, this model assumes that the value is created within one single main†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the suppliers in this type of value chain can be replaced at any time, as they do not have strong bonds with the buying firm and provided that another company could perform the same task for a lower price. In this scenario, competition is examined between firms and their outcomes of the productive process and enhance competitiveness has to do with finding the flaws in the value chain in comparison to the competitor and try to fix them, also by changing suppliers. As Peppard and Rylander (2006) state: Strategy becomes primarily from the art of positioning the firm in the right place in the value chain. What matters in this model is the role of each firm individually and the relation between firms is not meant to be long lasting nor considered to be a source of competitive advantage. This relationships are meant to last only until the point where they are beneficial to the main firm, financially wise. With the increasing complexity of markets and products the model developed by Porter is not enough to address the adequate questions and provide tools for facing the challenges of the insertion of firms and value adding process in a growing competition. Also, with the increased importance of the services industries - which includes very complex deliveries as telecommunications, banking, insurance, music, entertainmentShow MoreRelatedDells Value Chain1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe value chain was a concept initially proposed by McKinsey and later developed and made public by Harvard strategy guru Michael Porter. According to Porter, the value chain is defined as the complete flow of products from the suppliers to the customers and management of the information flow in a way that maximizes the consumer satisfaction with the increase in the profit margins of the company. Simply, it includes a series of value-adding activities connecting a company s supply side (raw materialsRead MoreThe Role of the Engineer in the Value Chain1356 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1: Report The role of the Engineer in the Value Chain Introduction In recent years, the requirements of commercial and industrial operations in the production of services and goods have been subject to vast changes. In the present era of globalization and increasing international competition, a trend away from vertically integrated organizations has become more and more evident. In fact, most companies nowadays tend to solely concentrate on their own core competencies, outsourcingRead MoreThe Biofuel And Biomass Industry1540 Words   |  7 Pagesfossil fuels. As the non-renewable energy is being replaced by the renewable energy, new initiatives are proposed for the continuous development of supply chain network for biofuel energy. 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Research has shown that the perception of impact of supply chains on the results of businesses will grow in the future, taking a more prominent role in company structures over time. According to research conducted by Monczk (2010), there is a strong indication that top level managers will be included in the supply chain much more in the future, mainly in the form of adding value through supply than in cost reductions. Top companies areRead MoreValue Chain Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brief on the Organization Costco is among the leading global retailers which provide customers a wide range of merchandise, ranging from small to well-known brands. The company began operations in 1983. Over the years, Costco has been a retailer in low cost membership-only leader, in warehouse club of merchandise. Moreover, Costco does not offer frills warehouse business models as its competitors do.   Costco’s major competitorsRead MoreInformation Technology and Supply Chain Management in Amazon.com684 Words   |  3 PagesSupply Chain Management in Amazon.com Introduction The most critical component of the Amazon.com business model is the efficient, profitable performance of its supply chain. For online retailers who compete in high velocity sales environments, the ability to orchestrate suppliers across a very broad supply chain is critical for their continual profitable operation and growth (Albors-Garrigà ³s, Hervas-Oliver, Mà ¡rquez, 2009). Integral to this aspect of Amazons business model is the role of InformationRead MoreThe Case Of Federal Express Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pageshas played an important role in the small package express delivery industry through the establishment of a system that contribute to the realization of next-day delivery of small package airfreight that weighs less than 70 lbs. The company has also been instrumental in the development of the use of standard packaging with a weight that exceeds 70 lbs. This role has contributed to FedEx’s value creation, product differentiation, and effectiveness of existing business model. Brief History of the FedExRead MoreThe Strategic Management of Starbucks962 Words   |  4 Pagestechnologies are making the Starbucks value chain more demand-driven and customer-focused than it has ever been. Starbucks is unique in that its new product development pipeline is perpetual; it continues between northern and southern hemispheres continually, fuelling new drinks and food products (Starbucks Investor Relations, 2012). Globalization continues to be both a strong catalyst of continued process- and product-based innovation across each area of their supply chain and into their retail stores.

Evaluation Of A Good Practice Guide - 2400 Words

Section 1: Overview This Good Practice Guide is here to advise and help those in the homecare industry, specifically those who are looking after the elderly and have a disability also end of life care. Looking at barriers to then the perceptions of those elderly people who have disabilities. Whether that disability may be physical or mental such like dementia, stroke victims, or age related issues like walking. It will also relate to those working in end of life care, advising how to improve their service delivery. The main purpose of this good practice guide is to be an aid to those in this industry, enabling the user of this guide to have an understanding of those who they are caring for. It will be discussing how society and other differing factors can influence the life of an elderly disabled person also the availability of the different services that can be accessed in order to create a good quality of life for this service user. From this going on to exploring the barriers that may come between the user and these services, and how they can be overcome and showing more inclusive features. Finally this guide will explore the different perceptions and the infantilisation of disability, including exploring oppression and discrimination. Then going on to give an idea of different things that you can do to give the service user a better quality of life. As people are living longer, the service which provides care has become vital. In relation to end of life care it’sShow MoreRelatedEvaluating Football Players1572 Words   |  7 PagesCummings It may seem overly simplified and obvious to state that player evaluation is critical in generating success and wins on the football field. A coach may have the greatest â€Å"system† and an amazing game plan laid out but, without the right players in the right positions the only thing a coach will collect are losses. This is true of coaching recreational and youth football through the professional ranks. Player evaluation is not only about addressing the physical skills needed for specific positionsRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Nursing Education1333 Words   |  6 Pagesinherent feeling of what is right. After taking this teaching and learning course my philosophy of nursing education has change to facilitate learning, facilitate learning development and socialization, and implement evidence base assessment and evaluation strategies. To begin, facilitating learning shows respect for the learners. I believe learners are people who bring an extraordinary set of necessities and capacities to the classroom and that they ought to be urged to end up in charge of theirRead MoreThe Importance of Managing Diversity906 Words   |  4 Pagesmanager can help guide people to use the benefit of innovation and inclusion in the organization. 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The capabilities of the employees in restaurant much more give importance. By a formal procedure used in the evaluation of work skills performance, it really develops their skills. The basic human tendency to make judgments about those one is working with, as well as about oneself. The quality service does not just happen by chance. It is not the result of an extraordinaryRead MoreBased On The Aggregate Results The Percentage Of Each Level Of Implementation For Each Guide1348 Words   |  6 Pageslevel of implementation for each guide is presented in table 5: On average, the guides took 27 minutes to complete. As results indicate, Hospital A has not implemented some of the recommended practices in the following guides: Computerized Provider Order Entry with Decision Support, Patient Identification, and Test Result Reporting. The total number of these practices is 16 which accounts for 10% of the total recommended practices. Also, there is a number of practices that has been implemented partially

Jacksonian Democracy was or was not justified free essay sample

Jackson Democracy marked the age of the common man and the era for an improvement on government and society. When Andrew Jackson was president, he led the nation of the United States into dramatic changes both socially and politically which affected the government system and the lives of the American people positively. He fascinated the American people greatly because he stood for values they stood for such as a better government system.Because of his background as an average and ideal American and as he war hero of the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, he was able to draw support from almost every section Of the U. S. And social class. Despite how democratic Jackson may seem, he appeared more tyrant-like than any of his forerunners. His major offerings to the nation included expansion of land (like Florida) and a government system that granted the common people the opportunity to work in the presidency (the spoils system). We will write a custom essay sample on Jacksonian Democracy was or was not justified? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Jackson Democracy was in no way democratic because it treated the Native Americans with immense cruelty, it benefited only white males, and it toothed and fought relentlessly to abolish the Bank of the United States. The total inhumane and despicable treatment of the Native Americans proved how non-democratic Jackson Democracy was. An example of this was when Andrew Jackson boldly enforced the Indian Removal Act in 1 830, requiring all Indian tribes including the Cherokees to move to reservations west of the Mississippi River. This act, without any doubt, was the most horrific Jackson has ever carried out.According to Chapter 13 of The American Pageant, in 1828 the Georgia legislature declared the Cherokee ribald council illegal and asserted its own jurisdiction over Indian affairs and Indian lands. The Cherokees retaliated to this by appealing this move to the Supreme Court, which thrice endorsed the rights of the Indians. But President Jackson, who evidently desired to release Indian lands to white settlement, rejected the Courts decisions. As a heartless attempt to taunt at the Indians defender, Jackson supposedly retorted, John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it. Although the case of U. S. Supreme Court and the Worcester v. Georgia trial had established the Cherokee Tribal Council as an independent nation within Georgia, Jackson still supported Georgia and defied the Court. When the Cherokees resisted the governments generous offer of lands farther west, Jackson decided to send in the army. In the autumn and winter of 1838 to 1839, The U. S. Army swooped in the Cherokee region and compulsorily removed nearly 15,000 Cherokees from their ancestral native soils in the southeastern united States and marched them to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma).As a result of inadequate food supplies, and harsh icy weather, some 4000 Cherokees perished of starvation, sissies, and continual exposure to cold on this march that was called The Trail of Tears. This seems incredibly similar to absolutism and is in no way democratic because it exceedingly violated the Native Americans rights. Another reason why Jackson Democracy was far from democratic was that it only profited white males and it was extremely prejudice. The democracy did not protect the individual liberty of non-white males and women. It had nothing to offer to minorities.Black men and women were excluded from most if not all of the individual freedoms and liberties held by white land- winning males. Jackson Democracy also discriminated and repressed against white women. On the Womens Rights issue, Jackson Democracy did nothing to further the female cause. Only in sparse states were women allowed to control property, and nowhere were they permitted to vote. There were few schools for women and they were assumed subordinate to men. Because of this, women were limited tremendously and there were scarce opportunity for their augmentation in social status.Even though households were almost completely run by women they failed to gain even the basic sights that every male had. This allowed for the Jacksons to overlook them when guarding the individual liberties of white males. The democracy provided to be guardians of political democracy when dealing with both the poor and the wealthy white men. Jackson promised to defend the farmers, mechanics, and laborers against the politically powerful, who had access to government and wanted special undemocratic advantages from it. This proves that Jackson shielded political democracy for only the common white man.Daniel Webster agrees with this view, by defending the poor, by lamming, Jackson was about to create a class war and rile up the poor against the rich. This act Of authoritarianism against the minorities violated their liberties and freedom and proved that Jackson Democracy was in no way close to being democratic. Jackson Democracys inexorable determination to destroy the U. S. Bank was in no way constitutional or democratic. Kinder the leadership of Nicholas Fiddle, the bank served only to collect banks notes from state banks and to loan money at interest.Because of Jacksons haunting personal financial history, he regarded banks as unconstitutional. Jackson apparently had a major problem on this issue. He says, It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to their selfish purposes. Banks made him nervous because it concentrated much power in few hands, some of those were foreign nationals, and because it was created via a broad interpretation instead Of a strict one Of the Constitution. He also believed that the U. S. Bank placed too much control into the hands of a wealthy few. Due to this fact, Jackson vetoed the banks researcher in 1832.In an attempt to benefit he lower working classes, he placed the federal money in pet state banks. Judge Tanya, who was a supporter and a person who offered advice to Jackson and the Jacksons, facilitated equal opportunity by annihilating the monopoly of the Charles River Bridge Corporation. Jacksons veto of the researcher of the bank of the United States was only denying the people of an efficient way to fund their living government and to keep their delegates incomes on record. It is suggested that from this act, that he undermined the people and the nation to further his own selfish privileges.

International Law Benefitting Humans

Question: Describe about the International Law and some factors about the law. Answer: The International Law: 100 Ways it Shapes Our Lives was conceptualized from the idea that International Law not just exists but also goes deep and broadly into everyones life than how it is generally recognized. One can find out 101 International Laws which are benefitting humans since ages. These laws have shaped our lives to be better and secured. Today we will discuss about 12 of my favorite such laws. The existence of the Prime Meridian and the Greenwich Meridian one can realize what is the present data or time based on their location on planet Earth. I chose this as it helps me be aware of the data and time when im travelling cross countries. Mail service With trust and reliability today I am able to use postal network to communicate with my loved ones. Irrespective of my location or theirs I can be sure that my communication will be received by them. Safe driving International law has made sure drivers all over the world abide by safety standards. Hence, no matter where I drive or someone drives me I believe everything is under the International Law. Home Being able to call what I own as my own residence gives immense security. Under law one can take ownership of their own purchased land Telecommunications With telecommunications now no more are my loved ones far. Under law I am able to communicate with any one I want. Standardized one second time A time span of one second is same everywhere in the world. Hence, this helps making powerful decisions and measurements in ones life Software International law helps us use standardized software in our computers all over the world. Weather knowledge The latest weather forecast made helps making decisions. It also safeguards human life from uncertain weather dangers. News and info The entire world is at our home television. With international law everyone is able to receive latest news from all over the world. BBC Radio broadcast For me hearing BBC while driving on my radio helps me a lot. Being associated with the stock market I get the latest news of the economic conditions of the country Eatables A wide variety of eatables helps keep healthy. Food is the essence of life and it keeps me alive. Along with food fresh clean drinking water helps be alive too. Comfort clothing For the proper presentation of my own self im offered decent, affordable and good quality clothes anywhere I go in the world.

LASIK Surgery Essays - Eye Surgery, LASIK, Vision, Refraction

LASIK surgery Seeing well without contact lenses and glasses is the dream of millions of Americans and modern medical science has enabled that dream to come true (Caster, 8). Since first grade, Dede Head, a 30-year-old fitness trainer in North Carolina, has worn glasses to correct sever nearsightedness and astigmatism. Over the years she became accustomed to wearing glasses and contacts, but this has limited many important aspects of her life, including sports. She then heard of a laser eye surgery that ?supposedly?, helped to correct a person's vision by means of lasers. She immediately signed up for the procedure and ever since that day, she has not worn glasses or contacts. Dede is just one of the eight hundred-fifty-thousand people who have undergone a procedure by the name of LASIK or Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis. If surgical procedures were movies, LASIK would be this years box office smash as it has received much media coverage and many praises; however, not that many people know what LASIK is, what the advantages and disadvantages are, and most importantly if LASIK is right for them (Buratto, 1). LASIK is basically a type of laser surgery which can help correct nearsightedness (myopia), which is the inability to see distant objects, farsightnedness (hyperopia), which is the inability to see close, and astigmatism, the inability to focus light waves evenly. LASIK has grown greatly in the last year, mostly because of 4 reasons; it is fast (procedure takes about 5-10 minutes), safe, painless, and the results are almost always prolific. The eye is just like a camera because it works by focusing light waves that pass through it. Light rays that enter the eye must first pass through the most outer layer of the eye called the cornea. The cornea performs 2/3 of the focusing process, the remainder of is then completed by the crystalline lens which further focuses the light on the retina. This requires extreme precision in that the focused light must fall exactly at the level of the retina (Gallo, 126). The retina is a nerve tissue that carpets the inner surface of the eye, much like wallpaper covers all aspects of a wall. The retina converts the light into electrical signals, which are transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve. Just as a camera cannot produce clear photographs of the image if the incoming light is not focused on the film, we cannot produce a clear vision if the cornea and crystalline lens do not focus the light precisely on the retina. This is where LASIK steps in. A laser is a device that creates a very special kind of light energy that is usually invisible to the human eye (Caster, 16). In LASIK, ophthalmologists use a certain type of laser called the excimer. By using invisible ultraviolet light, the excimer is able to break covalent bonds between molecules. What sets excimer aside from other lasers used in medicine is the wavelength used. At one-hundred ninety-three nm (nanometers), excimer lasers remove tissue by breaking the covalent without creating much thermal energy (Slade, 25). This allows for precise removal of tissue with minimal surrounding tissue damage. The very thin layer of the cornea that is removed, changes the curvature of the cornea ever so slightly, thus then results in a change in the light focusing ability. In nearsightedness (myopia), light rays from distant objects are not focused on the retina, but instead they are focused in front of the retina (See Figure 1). Therefore to correct nearsightedness in a LASIK procedur e, the curvature of the cornea must be decreased or in another words made flatter by removing corneal tissue in a disc-shaped pattern, or from the central cornea. A computer determines the exact pattern and number of pulses that are needed to do this. In farsightedness (hyperopia), light rays from distant objects are focused not onto the retina, but behind it (See Figure 1). To correct this, the central portion of the cornea must be made steeper; and this is accomplished by removing corneal tissue in a donut shaped pattern, or in another words more from the peripheral areas. Eyes with astigmatisms focus light waves unevenly because of the irregular shape of the cornea; football shaped

Free Essays on Lord Of The Flies Symbolism Paper

In Lord of The Flies, written by William Golding, many examples of symbolism are shown to prove the authors point of â€Å"man is evil.† Symbolism can be anything, a person, place or thing, used to portray something beyond itself. It is used to represent or foreshadow the conclusion of the story, and Golding shows this in the novel. From the very beginning of the story, the boys inwardly strip themselves of the civilized world. This is shown when the boys take off their clothes and school sweaters. Their hair becomes long and entangled with small sticks. Ralph is one of the older boys on the island and is the leader throughout part of the story. He is a pure, English man. He has fair hair and still wears his school sweater, which symbolizes many things. By keeping his sweater on, it symbolizes the want to keep a decent civilization and the want to get off the island. Jack is also one of the older boys. Unlike Ralph who stands for common sense and a desire for normal civilized life, all Jack cares about is hunting. After all the hunting Jack does he becomes more and more savage and a killer. He eventually leaves the main group and starts his own tribe. Jack has everyone with painted faces and long hair, which symbolizes savage and uncivilized behavior or evilness. Piggy is the main target for mockery and is a fat and ugly boy. Piggy watches over the signal fire closely and for secure shelters on the island. This symbolizes the want to get off the island and while waiting to be saved, to have a civilized and safe environment. With the facts giving, there are many different types of symbolism used in this novel.... Free Essays on Lord Of The Flies Symbolism Paper Free Essays on Lord Of The Flies Symbolism Paper In Lord of The Flies, written by William Golding, many examples of symbolism are shown to prove the authors point of â€Å"man is evil.† Symbolism can be anything, a person, place or thing, used to portray something beyond itself. It is used to represent or foreshadow the conclusion of the story, and Golding shows this in the novel. From the very beginning of the story, the boys inwardly strip themselves of the civilized world. This is shown when the boys take off their clothes and school sweaters. Their hair becomes long and entangled with small sticks. Ralph is one of the older boys on the island and is the leader throughout part of the story. He is a pure, English man. He has fair hair and still wears his school sweater, which symbolizes many things. By keeping his sweater on, it symbolizes the want to keep a decent civilization and the want to get off the island. Jack is also one of the older boys. Unlike Ralph who stands for common sense and a desire for normal civilized life, all Jack cares about is hunting. After all the hunting Jack does he becomes more and more savage and a killer. He eventually leaves the main group and starts his own tribe. Jack has everyone with painted faces and long hair, which symbolizes savage and uncivilized behavior or evilness. Piggy is the main target for mockery and is a fat and ugly boy. Piggy watches over the signal fire closely and for secure shelters on the island. This symbolizes the want to get off the island and while waiting to be saved, to have a civilized and safe environment. With the facts giving, there are many different types of symbolism used in this novel....

24hrs Urinary Urea Nitrogen Practical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

24hrs Urinary Urea Nitrogen Practical - Essay Example For example, a patient with a pathologically low blood pressure develops diminished urine flow. Nitrogen balance involves comparing nitrogen intake from foods and fluids with nitrogen excretion. Thus, nitrogen balance provides the clinician with an index of protein catabolism and a basis for assessing the adequacy of protein intake (Skipper, 1995; p. 86). In order to determine the nitrogen balance for each student in the group, data on the protein intake of these students must be acquired (Barakat et al., 2009) and inputed into the following formula: The dietary protein intake is best measured if the individual follows a standardized diet, that is, all the food that the individual eats must be measured before consumption, and duplicate meals must be prepared and analyzed for their nitrogen content (Manore et al., 2009; pp. 112-113). A minimum daily protein requirement is needed by the body to maintain its structural proteins, visceral proteins and immune competence. Conversely, when the body encounters certain stresses, its proteins also suffer level discrepancies. For example, starvation needs a progressive selection of fat as body fuel. Muscles stop utilizing glucose as soon as a meal is over and instead, fatty acids are used (Cahill, 1976). Ketoacid levels in blood become elevated over the first week, and the brain preferentially uses these instead of glucose. The net effect is to spare protein even further, as the brain further decreases the rate of using glucose. Nevertheless, there is still net negative nitrogen balance, but this can be nullified by amino acid or protein supplementation. In addition, protein kinetics are known to be accelerated in severe trauma. In fact, critically ill patients with major trauma demonstrate catabolism resulting in a net loss of body mass. Thus, the patient loses more nitrogen than is provided from nitrogen / protein sources (Wiliams & Shchlenker, 2003). The literature has varying ranges for the 24 hr UUN

The response of Daughter from Danang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The response of Daughter from Danang - Essay Example Family reunion which we observe impresses by spontaneity and immediacy. ‘The actors’ are so much involved in the process that they create excitement which can be rarely produced by professional actors. It’s no wonder that the film won the Documentary Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. The story of Heidi impresses with the pain and despair of the children torn between two cultures. Heidi feels herself miserable as he tries to find love and understanding among her birth family but what she finds is disillusionment. This disillusionment comes from the lack of understanding people who grew up in entirely different world with its own customs and visions. When Heidi’s dream to meet her family comes true, she is embarrassed and is not sure what to do. After the family reunion Heidi is greatly disappointed. We come to realize the existence of the gap which now separates Heidi and her family - the cultural gap. We see from the first scenes of meeting the emotional burden which Heidi comes to experience. While her mother is on the emotional high, Heidi is more bewildered, embarrassed and uncertain. She feels startled and tense. She sees the life with her family in another light, different from that before the reunion. Life of poverty and misery, hard toil of her mother to support other children – that’s what she sees in the real life of her family. The cultural gap which separates Americanized Heidi and her family is evident in many life situation. The tension from cultural shock comes to a climax and Heidi feels that she wants to go home as soon as possible. At the farewell party when Heidi’s brother comes to talk about financial issues directly, she feels completely disconnected from the Vietnamese family. She perceives money issue in the American way – it’s not better talked about. What Heidi expected is unconditioned love and care. Heidi is not aware of the family relations and

Entrepreneurial Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Entrepreneurial Behaviour - Essay Example However, it has been provided so that the individual analyst can interpret what an entrepreneur is necessarily espouses in the broadest sense. Harkening back to the question at hand, whether or not an entrepreneur is born or made, the analyst should consider the fact that the ultimate answer to this question is both, neither, and some mixture in between. Far from being a clever manipulation of words, it will be the express intent of this particular analysis to define how the entrepreneur requires skills that are inherent to some individuals, how other individuals can learn these, and how a synergy between the two types of individuals is ultimately possible. Through such an identification is the hope of the student that the reader will come away with a more informed interpretation of what the entrepreneur espouses and how individuals without a certain level of entrepreneurial spirit or â€Å"gift† can effectively navigate within this particular paradigm. Firstly, it should be noted that as with any skill set that one learns in life, there are inherently individuals that are born to a natural level of talent in terms of being an entrepreneur. Some individuals have necessarily understood this to mean that the entrepreneur is with someone that is somehow genetically predisposed to be an effective entrepreneur and to gain a degree of notoriety and success in its accomplishment. However, flipping this argument on its head, the reader should note the fact that certain individuals are born with a certain proclivity to playing music, others with a certain proclivity to art, and still others with a certain proclivity to memorization etc. etc. However, this does not mean that educators, or the parents, should despair that their child will never be a musician, artist, etc., instead, it merely means that the educational process will need to be engaged at a further level of length and perhaps a further level of rigor in order for the

Are Artists Heroes? Artists that Defy Convention

Are Artists Heroes? Artists that Defy Convention The Idea of Artist as Hero They do not fight wars, end famine or rescue small children from burning buildings. Yet, at least according to some Renaissance-era boosters, they are heroes. Though they may not have led battalions, their accomplishments on the canvas were thought to be of such magnitude that, according to many, they deserved heroic praise and treatment. (Barolsky, 1998.) Two artists of their time who may deserve such accolades- emphasizing the qualifier- were Berthe Morisot and James Abbott McNeill Whistler. Though their work did not necessarily put their lives and bodies in danger, they, and many contemporary impressionists were heroes for daring to defy convention. Berthe Morisot was born into a wealthy French family where she was taught to appreciate art from an early age. However, this appreciation did not mean that she should have sought to make art her life’s work and Morisots’ decision to do so was surely a surprising one. Manet became one of her biggest influences both professionally and personally, so much so that he was eventually her brother in law. (Neary, 2005.) Morisot was known for her â€Å"pictorial technique, with her loose brushstrokes, unfinished backgrounds, and light-infused color† (Author Unknown, 2005) which placed her squarely in the Impressionist camp, a school of thought she remained loyal to in her work long after the Impressionists disbanded and the movement died. James Abbott McNeill Whistler, a Morisot contemporary, was born in Lowell, Massachusetts and spent his childhood shuttled between America and Russia, which was where his father worked as a railroad engineer. Shortly after his father died, Whistler, then still a child, came back to America, settled in Connecticut and attended West Point. At the age of twenty, Whistler left America and never came back, preferring to work in Europe. However, Europeans themselves did not care for Whistler’s output, considering it to be too abstract. Whistler in turn responded that the art favored by critics is too detailed, almost to the point of the canvas being stuffed with extras. (Author Unknown, 1998.) What made Morisot and Whistler, whose only commonality seemed to be their artistic styles, deserving of being artistic heroes? Perhaps it was their will to define convention. This willingness cost them dearly. As Brown writes of Morisot, Whistler and their fellow impressionists, they â€Å"began to oppose the Academic standards that had dominated artistic production since the time of Louis XIV† and were consequently met with public â€Å"mockery and derision.† (Brown, 2005.) Whether in politics, religion, art or any other aspect of society, it is never an easy thing to defy convention. Indeed, Brown’s article notes that towards the beginning of Hitler’s reign, he organized the â€Å"degenerate art show† where the German public was invited to laugh at what was perceived by Nazis to be art that was beneath them. Two decades later, United States Senator Joseph McCarthy targeted visual artists in his hearings and three decades afterwards another United States Senator, Jesse Helms, insisted that the National Endowment for the Arts be disbanded. All three of the subjects mentioned above had plans that reached beyond artists- be it Hitler’s Final Solution on McCarthy’s hearings on supposed Communist sympathizers- or Helms’ frequent attack on minorities and homosexuals. Yet in each of these cases, artists were the canaries in the coal mine- they were the first to wither attacks because they were perceived to be the easie st targets. Before his death in 1903, Whistler produced over four hundred paintings, many of which are now exhibited in galleries and museums world-wide. (Author Unknown, 1998.) Yet, all this fame was garnered well after Whistler’s demise. Even Leonardo Da Vinci, despite being well-respected even during his years on Earth, was mistrusted by certain British authorities- because he worked with his left hand. This struck many of the powers that be as ungodly and at one point Leonardo was tried as a sodomite. (Brown, 2005). Indeed, history is filled with figures who, despite having done good, often ground-breaking work, faced persecution- particularly in the Old World- [Galileo, Newton, even Einstein]. Lest one think that this is merely an exercise in Christianity-bashing or perhaps in decrying conventional Western civilization as we know it, it is important to note that early Christians themselves faced the wrath of others for being different. Tertullian, a figure of the Roman times, elucidated that â€Å"Christians are to blame for every public disaster and every misfortune that befalls the people.† (Wade, 2002.) Nor does this mean that anything which is new will inevitably shunned, with innovators put on the dock by the majority. A contemporary example involves the British Council, which recently reopened in Libya after a thirty year absence. (Black, 2007) However, people as a whole tend to operate within narrow confines, tend to lead safe lives and tend to dislike sudden changes or challenges to the routine of life. It is this aversion to change that allows the ridicule and persecution of the different. What, or who is a hero? Certainly those who fight fires, catch criminals, serve on the battlefield, or minister to the infirm in hospital wards count. But so too those men and women who create, inspire and persevere against the odds of their time. References: 1) Author Unknown. (2005) â€Å"Berthe Morisot: An Impressionist and Her Circle,† National Museum of Women in the Arts, 14 January-8 May 2005, accessed via http://www.nmwa.org/exhibition/artists.asp?exhibitid=122 on 25 May 2007. 2) Author Unknown. (1998) â€Å"James McNeill Whistler,† Scottish-American,  History Club, July 1998, accessed via  http://www.chicago-scots.org/clubs/History/Newsletters/1998/July98-3.htm on 25 May 2007. 3) Barlosky, P. (1998) â€Å"Leonardo, Satan and the Mystery of Modern Art,† The Virginia Quarterly Review, Summer 1998, accessed via http://www.vqronline.org/articles/1998/summer/barolsky-leonardo-satan/ on 25 May 2007. 4) Black, I. (2007) â€Å"Great Grooves and Good Grammar,† The Education Guardian, 10 April 2007, accessed via http://education.guardian.co.uk/tefl/story/0,,2053576,00.html on 25 May 2007. 5) Brown, B.A. (2005) â€Å"The Artist as Crazy, as Fraud, as Psychopath,† ArtScene, April 2005, accessed via http://artscenecal.com/ArticlesFile/Archive/Articles2005/Articles0405/BBrown0405.html on 25 May 2007. 6) Neary L. (2005) â€Å"Impressionist Berthe Morisot, Rediscovered,† National Public Radio (NPR) Morning Edition, 1 February 2005. 7) Wade, R. (2002) â€Å"Persecution in the Early Church,† Probe Ministries, July 2002, accessed via http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/persecution.html on 25 May 2007.

Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia - Pro and Con :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia - Pro and Con Abstract This paper will define Euthanasia and assisted suicide. Euthanasia is often confused with and associated with assisted suicide, definitions of the two are required. Two perspectives shall be presented in this paper. The first perspective will favor euthanasia or the "right to die," the second perspective will favor antieuthanasia, or the "right to live". Each perspective shall endeavor to clarify the legal, moral and ethical ramifications or aspects of euthanasia. Thesis Statement Euthanasia, also mercy killing, is the practice of ending a life so as to release an individual from an incurable disease or intolerable suffering. Euthanasia is a merciful means to and end of long-term suffering. Euthanasia is a relatively new dilemma for the United States and has gained a bad reputation from negative media hype surrounding assisted suicides. Euthanasia has a purpose and should be evaluated as humanely filling a void created by our sometimes inhumane modern society. Antithesis Statement Euthanasia is nothing less than cold-blooded killing. Euthanasia cheapens life, even more so than the very divisive issue of abortion. Euthanasia is morally and ethically wrong and should be banned in these United States. Modern medicine has evolved by leaps and bounds recently, euthanasia resets these medical advances back by years and reduces today's Medical Doctors to administrators of death. Euthanasia defined The term Euthanasia is used generally to refer to an easy or painless death. Voluntary euthanasia involves a request by the dying patient or that person's legal representative. Passive or negative euthanasia involves not doing something to prevent death-that is, allowing someone to die; active or positive euthanasia involves taking deliberate action to cause a death. Euthanasia is often mistaken or associated with for assisted suicide, a distant cousin of euthanasia, in which a person wishes to commit suicide but feels unable to perform the act alone because of a physical disability or lack of knowledge about the most effective means. An individual who assists a suicide victim in accomplishing that goal may or may not be held responsible for the death, depending on local laws. There is a distinct difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide. This paper targets euthanasia; pros and cons,

Observational Essay Essay

Its Monday a rainy evening, I am sitting in the library waiting for my friend to come, so we could study for our sociology test. The library is humongous; it reminds me of my high school library. This place is silent. In the kids section I hear a little boy crying for a book he wants to read but his mom will not let him read, a baby babbling, and the mother trying to make him quiet. There are two dark skinned boys playing marble drop with their mom’s. There are two cute little girls coloring. There is tall teen looking girl reading stories to kids. There does not seem to be many kids in this section. Therefore, I go back to the main room. I see a girl, who looks like a high school freshman doing her homework quietly. A couple of blocks from her, there are group of blonde girls texting and talking in low voices and teenage girls checking their facebook and chatting about guys. In the main desk, area toward the right of the girls there is a frustrated woman who is trying to swipe the library card but perhaps her card is not working and is asking for help to a librarian. In the non-fiction book, area there is a short woman with brown hair, stacking up the books. Towards her left, there is a tall thin college looking girl arranging the books working a part time job to her college expenses. In the front of the library there are middle school kids waiting for their parents to pick them up. There is staircase next to the main door that leads to the computer room. I take glance over the computer room and it is packed with teens and adults. Some are doing homework while some are chatting in myspace and facebook. It seems like this library is always filled with people. From my observation, I see that some people come to library to study quietly and while others come to check facebook and myspace and it seems like library is a great hangout place for some kids.

The Camelot Legacy essays

The Camelot Legacy essays The Camelot Era began with the presidential election of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, in November of 1960 and ended tragically with his assassination three years later. Kennedys bold vision of a new frontier and idealistic programs won the hearts of young and old alike. Why are Americans still fascinated with the Kennedy family and the Camelot Legacy? The President impacted America with his bold vision of a new frontier and advance in space exploration. The Bay of Pigs disaster caused John to distrust his military aides and turned more to his brother Senator Robert Kennedy for counsel. The Kennedy administration stood up for what they believed in and took stands against the spread of Communism, in such situations as the Vietnam Conflict and the Cuban Missile Crisis. John F. Kennedy went on television to explain the chaos and took responsibility for the catastrophe. Ironically, this only served to make him more popular with the public. The President appropriated money to advance the competition with Russian Space Program. The Russians were the first in space but America was the first to put a man on the moon. The First Lady, Jacqueline Jackie Kennedy also played a part in the building of Camelot. Jackie set up a committee for the restoration of the White House. Jackie felt the White House belong to America. She believed the American public had the right to see their countrys remarkable history. So, she introduced the first edition of the White House Guide book describing the rooms and their themes in detail. This book was to be sold to the visitors for a small fee which itself would go towards the growing restoration cost. She also suggested the picturesque South Lawn of the White House as the site for ceremonies with visiting officials. Jackie heightened our awareness of culture and its importance in our society. She was a great examp ...

The Meaning of -N Desu in Japanese

The Meaning of '-N Desu' in Japanese The phrase –n desu (ã‚“ 㠁 §Ã£ â„¢), meaning it is, is sometimes used at the end of a sentence. It is also commonly used in conversation, though it might be difficult for beginners to learn. The phrase has an explanatory or confirmatory function. The difference between –masu (ã€Å"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢), another nominal ending for a verb, and  Ã¢â‚¬â€œn desu is very subtle. This makes it very hard to translate. The nominal ending  Ã¢â‚¬â€œn desu can be translated as it is the case that or it is for the reason that. However, there is no true English equivalent. –N Desu Versus –Masu One of the best ways to understand the subtle, nuanced meaning of –n desu is to compare it to  Ã¢â‚¬â€œmasu  by viewing how two sentences use these endings differently: Ryokou ni iku n desu ka? (りょ㠁“㠁† 㠁 « 㠁„㠁  ã‚“ 㠁 §Ã£ â„¢ 㠁‹ã€‚) Are you going to travel? Ryokou ni ikimasu ka? (  Ã£â€šÅ Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£ â€œÃ£ â€  㠁 « 㠁„㠁 Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢ 㠁‹ã€‚) Are you going on a trip? In the first sentence, which uses –n desu, the  speaker assumes that the listener is going on a trip and just wants her to confirm it. In the second sentence, which uses –masu,  the speaker simply wants to know if the listener is going on a trip or not. Formal Versus Informal You also need to use a different form of  Ã¢â‚¬â€œn desu when it  is attached directly to a plain form of the verb in an informal situation. When the circumstances are informal, use –n da  instead of –n desu, as demonstrated in the table. The sentences are written first in hiragana, which is a phonetic syllabary  (or transliteration) made from simplified  kanji  characters. These sentences are then spelled using Japanese characters. An English translation follows on the right side of the table. Ashita doubutsuen ni ikimasu.明æâ€" ¥Ã¥â€¹â€¢Ã§â€° ©Ã¥Å"’㠁 «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š(formal) I am going to the zoo tomorrow.(simple statement) Ashita doubutsuen ni iku.明æâ€" ¥Ã¥â€¹â€¢Ã§â€° ©Ã¥Å"’㠁 «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£â‚¬â€š(informal) Ashita doubutsuen ni iku n desu.明æâ€" ¥Ã¥â€¹â€¢Ã§â€° ©Ã¥Å"’㠁 «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š(formal) I am going to the zoo tomorrow.(explaining his or her plans for tomorrow.) Ashita doubutsuen ni iku n da.明æâ€" ¥Ã¥â€¹â€¢Ã§â€° ©Ã¥Å"’㠁 «Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁 Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£   Ã£â‚¬â€š(informal) Note how in Japanese, social context is very important. In English, the social situation, or position of the person you are addressing, would make little or no difference. You would tell a good friend at school or a visiting dignitary at a formal state dinner that you are going to the zoo using the same words. Yet, in a formal situation in Japan, you would use –n desu, but you would use  Ã¢â‚¬â€œn da if the circumstance were less formal. In the case of the first two sentences above, you would use –masu  in a formal situation but omit the ending altogether if the setting or circumstances were informal. Why Questions In Japanese, why questions are often completed with –n desu because they are asking for a reason or an explanation, as the table demonstrates: Doushite byouin ni iku n desu ka.Haha ga byouki nan desu.㠁 ©Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã§â€"…é™ ¢Ã£  «Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦ ¯ Ã£ Å'çâ€"…æ °â€"㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š Why are you going to the hospital?Because my mother is sick. Doushite tabenai n desu ka.Onaka ga suiteinai n desu.㠁 ©Ã£ â€ Ã£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã© £Å¸Ã£  ¹Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£ Å Ã£  ªÃ£ â€¹Ã£ Å'㠁™ã â€žÃ£  ¦Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š Why don't you eat?Because I am not hungry.

Leapolds Land Ethic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leapolds Land Ethic - Essay Example Overview of Leopold’s land ethics Leopold states that it is imperative to incorporate human beings and non human factors of the ecosystem when developing ethical standards. As such, the collectivity of human and non human elements of the ecosystem is referred to as land. The ethics developed as a result of the human and non human collectivity within the ecosystem is referred to as land ethics. According to him, the principle of land ethics is aimed at preserving the beauty, stability and integrity of the biotic community and so anything, action or view that tends to counteract this opinion is considered to be wrong. In his view, the intention of land ethics is to increase the boundary of the community from one that incorporates only human beings to that which includes waters, animals, plants and soils. The land ethics shifts the Homo sapiens’ roles from being conquerors to being citizens of the land community. Respect for the land community is vital for sustainable and stable ecosystem. Leopold’s view of developing a balanced, stable and friendly environmental system to include all aspects of nature is supported by Baird Callicott, who expounds the land ethics by developing an environmental ethics that call for inclusion of other non human elements in the human legacy. Leopold’s ideas is well expounded in his deeds when he was employed to terminate bears, mountain lions and wolves in new Mexico(Leopold and Michael 42).The local ranger hated the predators because they used to attack their livestock, but Leopold views were different because he felt that they were part of nature and had a positive role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. For instance, if all predators were terminated, their natural prey would increase exponentially resulting in extreme competition with rangers’ animals for vegetation, a fact that would be disastrous to both the ranchers and the balance of the ecosystem. Basing on Leopold’s land ethics, th ere is a close relationship between ecosystem balance and evolution, but human factors have brought detrimental impact on the relationship causing disastrous results to the course of nature (Leopold and Michael 72). The relationship between land ethics and evolution and how man has come to affect it Evolution is a gradual and natural change of biological population over a period of time. It occurs in natural settings and results in extinction of some species and development of other generations. Charles Darwin is a major proponent of evolution theory and his ideas have been instrumental in the formulation of land ethics. The relevant ideas in land ethics that were influenced by Darwinian’s natural selection principal hold that the survival and reproduction of animals is well achieved within cooperative group, no groups can remain integrated without necessary ethical standards and ethics are started within the family cooperation of species. Darwinian’s notion is reflect ed well in land theory which calls for cooperation between humans beings and non human factors of the ecosystem to ensure stability of biotic system and sustainable living conditions. For evolution to occur well, it must take a natural trend. However, if other factors distort the natural pathway, there is likely to be an unexpected

Critically examine the internationational expansion strategy for Essay

Critically examine the internationational expansion strategy for Starbucks.Discuss the motivations for the expansion and the app - Essay Example Through the expansion, the company has focused to create a strong network across the US, while expanding further to the new locations worldwide. This report would look into the strategic management of the company with a profound insight into its core competencies and international expansion strategies. The effectiveness of its leader has been discussed to show the contribution in the company’s success by implementing appropriate strategies. Strengths and Strategies which have emerged as the Core Competencies of the Company Starbucks has a number of strengths which has emerged as the core competencies of the company. Starbucks has a corporate culture which has encouraged the innovation and creativity within the organisation. The organisation does not have any formal organisation chart with a proper hierarchy structure. Starbucks has several departments, functional departments including marketing, finance, operations, supply chain and human resources. Apart from that, the compan y also has cross functional teams which encourages accumulated effort to achieve a common goal. The decision making process in this organisation is bottom up process where the employees are authorised to take the decisions without even referring back to the upper management. This has encouraged innovation and creativity at the employee level. The employees are treated as family members and as partners. The company relies on the employees to offer a differentiated experience to its customers. With this organisational structure, the company has excelled in introducing new products and ideas. The employees had stock options on the company shares. Moreover, employee training is another significant arena which can be seen as the core competence of the organisation. The marketing strategy is one of the significant strengths of the company. The organisation positions itself as a consumers’ place, which encourages the customers to visit the place again and again. The company customis es its stores depending on the specific locations, the stores are in. Another significant strength of Starbucks is that it positions itself as environment friendly. In the wake of environment awareness among the customers this positioning has helped the company to reach at its environment friendly customers. The company has a well known practice to make enough effort to comply with the environment. Starbucks try to be ethical in all its dealings. This has enables the company to gain from a good image among its customers. The large size of the company can also been seen as core competence of the company over its competitors. The sheer size of the company has allowed them to set the prices and has also helped the company to prevent the growth of other competing organisations. The world, specifically the people in the United States look at the Starbucks and its associates as the producer of high end coffees. Moreover, the consumers look at the company as the biggest and the best in the business, it is in. This can also been see

ECDIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ECDIS - Essay Example Data supply is still a weak point of ECDIS at present. The hydrographical services are public authorities, who have now to switch from production of paper nautical charts to digital ECDIS data. Raster data is provided by official sources and fills the gaps in ECDIS data. The scanned paper charts cannot provide any real alternative to ECDIS data. Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) has been in vogue in shipping industry for over two decades now. ECDIS, however, can have a much wider application than in shipping, because electronic display and information can be used in aviation charts, street maps, railway maps, etc. In all these and other likewise segments of transport and communication, electronic display and information can be presented on a computer using the same methodology. However it is in shipping that the system is widely used and we shall restrict our discussion to the electronic nautical charts.Moreover ECDIS was initially developed for shipping, and it is in that industry that its use is wide-spread and likely to increase manifold in the future.. Electronic chart presentation is only one aspect of ECDIS. ECDIS is also an information system. ... ECDIS is also an information system. As an information system, ECDIS enables the user to access additional information on the items displayed in the graphics presentation; for instance, about a lighthouse. This may be marked on the chart by a tower symbol. The system can give further information on this object, for example, about its appearance, structure, and its current status, that is, for instance, it used to be operational once, but is no longer so, and is now preserved as a monument. The data may enable one to access, if required, further data about a detailed history of the lighthouse and view a digitalised photo of this object. The quantum and quality of the information available on the individual objects depends on how up-to-date, accurate and well maintained the data base is, not on the ECDIS itself. ECDIS stores these various details in a geographic-object oriented data base, so that ECDIS can be said to belong to the group of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The parts of ECDIS computer For the user, who is the navigator, ECDIS is only one item of equipment among many on the bridge of a modern ship. Operating the ECDIS is not the main duty of a ship's officer. Rather, the system replaces the conventional chart table and is intended to make all types of work traditionally connected with the paper nautical chart easier, more precise and faster. These include route planning, entry of observations, instructions and notes, position determination and updating charts with the aid of the Notices to Mariners (NtM). ECDIS represents an item of equipment consisting of hardware, software and the data. The hardware of the ECDIS is a computer with graphics capability, a high performance PC or a graphics workstation installed in a console linked with

Essay on Slavery Throughout Time Essay Example for Free

Essay on Slavery Throughout Time Essay One might describe money as being stored up labor; therefore to make money you must simply labor. This is how industries all around the world have made money, by paying workers to labor. However if you could have your workers labor for no pay then you yourself would essentially be making free money. The appeal of this free money is why slavery has been a predominant trend throughout history. It doesn’t matter what the labor is but, there are three main types of slavery that have been present in the world and those are labor slaves, war slaves, and trafficking slaves. I predict that slavery will continue to exist in the future because the appeal of free money it is too great, wars will bring with it war slaves, humans have a natural sex drive which means there will be a steady need for trafficking, and because there will continue to be people who believe they are above other humans. The greatest account of slavery for simply labor and free money without the presence of war is the African slave trade that existed in the early Americas. Europeans would sail to Africa and bring over boat loads of African people to the Caribbean and the colonies in North America, where they were forced to labor. They would be bought by people and then would usually end up Rydalch 2 working on a plantation. The plantations would have them do a variety of tasks. The slaves would be beaten and lived in horrible conditions, some would try and escape and others would not because of the fear they had of being caught. This type of slavery of enslaving innocent people and forcing them to labor rarely exists in today’s world. In most first world countries there are laws that prevent this from happening but there may be rare occasions in other parts of the world in which this happens. The reason that slavery such as this is so appealing is mainly because of the wealth that it can bring you. It can put you in a more prestigious class without actually having the intuition to get there. I also think that some of the slave masters enjoyed there power and took pride in the fact that there were people who feared them. I think that this version of slavery will continue to diminish in the future. Warfare as been a factor of human civilization since human civilizations began and it will continue to be a factor. War can result from a number of things and it can lead to a number of things. The winner of the war however can take their land and their people. When they take the people these people could possibly become slaves of war. Many ancient civilizations captured people to be used as slaves when they were at war, such as the Egyptians. The slaves were held in a variety of conditions depending on who enslaved them. As long as there is still war in the world then there will still be slaves of war, whether they are forced to labor, used as prostitutes or are just held hostage. In the future I believe that slaves of war will not be forced to do labor but will more likely be held as hostages or forced into prostitution. Rydalch 3 The more modern issue involving slavery is not that of labor slaves or slaves of war but it is slaves of human trafficking. Human trafficking is when people are held against their will and are usually forced to do sexual acts with those who pay to do so. The reason why human trafficking can be a successful business is because humans have a natural sex drive. Human trafficking taps into this natural longing and gives people a way to pay their way to satisfaction. The people who run the trafficking don’t have to pay the women who perform the acts. That is what separates human trafficking from prostitution. This is the most predominant type of slavery in the world today because of laws that have restricted other types of slavery. People all around the world abduct girls anywhere from teenagers to adults; they then sometimes addict them to drugs or other cruel things. Most often they are forced to do sexual acts with customers. The world is taking notice to this and some things are being done to try and stop it. Google recently made huge contributions and donations to try and prevent this from happening. I however think that human trafficking will continue on into the future. Although it may not grow it will always be there because humans will always have a natural sex drive, and people will always be looking for means of satisfaction. With the African slave trade that I mentioned earlier in my paper, they were taking innocent people and putting them to work. In today’s world we would find that to be extremely unjust, unlawful, and immoral. However back when the Europeans were doing it they did not think that what they were doing was bad. They thought of themselves as being superior to the rest of the world. They thought that since the African people were of dark skin and frankly not Rydalch 4 European that they were below them and therefore taking them as their slaves was no problem whatsoever. This reason for enslaving other people rarely, if ever, exist in today’s modern world. This is because all humans have accepted that we are all the same species and that we all of certain rights. I do not see this form of slavery rising to power again in the future unless one civilization takes over the whole world, which is extremely unlikely as you may know. Over the course of following my trend of slavery I discovered many things about the different forms of slavery and the motives behind each of them. By understanding these I was able to make my predictions about whether or not I thought they would continue in the future. Many of them are nearly non existent today which provides for easy predicting of its future, while others I was not sure on. I discovered that the ultimate reason for slavery along with many other things in the world is money. Slavery provides for a way to get free money and it is not that hard to do, especially before modern laws were put in place. Today all forms of slavery are frowned upon greatly and are deemed by most morally wrong and lawfully wrong. This is why there are things being done to stop it, but no matter how many laws you pass there will still be people who try to do it. Slavery will continue to exist in the future because the appeal of free money it is too great, wars will bring with it war slaves, humans have a natural sex drive which means there will be a steady need for trafficking, and because there will continue to be people who believe they are above other humans. The worlds view on slavery might change but for the near future I see it Rydalch 5 staying the same. The modern view on slavery is clearly for the majority that it is a bad thing. However in the future it could be that slavery is accepted, but only time will tell.

Comparing Violence as a Motif in Stranger and Sailor Who Fell From Grac

Violence as a Motif in The Stranger and The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With The Sea   Ã‚   In The Stranger by Albert Camus, and The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With the Sea by Yukio Mishima, violence is an important motif. This paper will attempt to show how comparisons exists in these books which aids the violence motif. Violence is concluded with murder or multiple murders in the above books. In The Stranger, Meursault, an absurd hero, shoots the Arab five times on the beach. He accounts for the scenario by telling the reader: My whole being tensed and I squeezed my hand around the revolver. The trigger gave; I felt the smooth underside of the butt; and there, in that noise, sharp and deafening at the same time, is where it all started. I shook off the sweat and sun. I knew that I had shattered the harmony of the day, the exceptional silence of a beach where I’d been happy. Then I fired four more times at the motionless body where the bullets lodged without leaving a trace† (Camus 59). In The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With the Sea, the victim of the first violent murder which occurs is a kitten. Noboru, a thirteen year old boy, is assigned the task , by the Chief of the Gang (which consists of teenage boys), to kill the kitten by throwing it against a log. Mishima presents Noboru’s nervousness before the murder by describing to the reader his physical condition and states: Just a minute before, he had taken a cold bath, but he was sweating heavily again. He felt it blow up through his breast like the morning sea breeze: intent to kill. His chest felt like a clothes rack made of hollow metal poles and hung with shirts drying in the sun† (Mishima 57). The author paints the picture of the murder scene b... ...Ryuji returns from a voyage to settle down with Fukaso and to begin his life as a family man. The dinner Ryuji had at Fukaso’s place and the night he spends there in the first part of the book foreshadows their relationship in the second part. The killing of the kitten in the first part foreshadows the Ryuji’s murder in the second part. Comparison is made between The Stranger and The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With The Sea to show how the authors of the books have used the literary topic of violence and employed literary tools such as place setting, genre, characterization and the structure of the book to conclude their violent motifs in murder.   Works Cited: Camus, Albert.   The Stranger.   Trans. Matthew Ward. New York: Vintage, 1988. Mishima, Yukio.   The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With The Sea. Trans. John Nathan. New York: Vintage, 1994.      

Evaluate the claim that modern political parties are failing to perform their traditional functions :: essays research papers

To answer this question, we most identify the key roles of a political party in the political system. Political Parties must identify their leaders who in turn, become the offered leaders to take control of the country. Skills of persuasion, organisation of support, public speaking, committee work, and public campaigning are all essential qualities for leaders of political parties. Currently, the leaders of the Labour Party, Conservative’s and Liberal Democrats represent a range of viewpoints, giving the UK voter a choice, depending upon their opinions. Political parties nominate individuals to important positions in public services e.g. hospital trusts. They also choose the minister for that service; e.g. Education minister Jane Davidson for the Welsh Assembly. In general these choices are sensible and not overly radical. Therefore we can see that this traditional function is being performed accurately. Political Parties also are responsible for creating legislation, a vital job involving producing coherent policy programmes. A recent example of British Government doing this, is the 2001 Terrorism Act and the soon to be announced 2005 terrorist legislation. Parties are creating necessary and modern legislation, so it cannot be said that they are failing in this aspect. Parties also organise the timetable of Parliament whilst supplying members to the various committees, produced to reach decisions. Timetabling is obviously going ahead, or there would be no Parliament. The Neill committee, created in 1994 discusses the funding of political parties and the equality. Political Parties also scrutinise the other parties work in the Parliament successfully. By successful, I mean disputing other parties suggestions, arguing for changes in the law. Daily disputes break out in the House of Commons between MP’s, indicating a good scrutiny of legislation.

Paniqui Water Essay

Dried water lily stalks woven into fine handicrafts became the livelihood of women, housewives, out-of-school youths, and senior citizens of Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines. A wide range of products like shoes, sandals, slippers, bags, baskets, wallets, pouches, belts, trays, placemats, boxes, tissue holders and many others can be crafted by Paniqui folks using stalks of dried water hyacinths. The ample visibility and fast growth of this plant caused a problem of obstructing the flow of water as the region is traversed with many rivers, swamps, and creeks, causing flooding during heavy rains. The local government started this project with 25 weavers which increased to 50 within 12 months as demand from local and foreign tourists poured out. The BusinessOver a wide variety of handicrafts can be made from dried water hyacinths. It’s light yet strong fiber property can be woven to different products according to the clients’ preferences. Because it is organic, it can be used for packaging of goods which will substitute plastics that are non-biodegradable. The abundant yield of high quality dried water lily straws with the hard-working weaving skills mean that the plant harvesters and weavers of Paniqui have very good potential to enter the market of producing high quality hand-made water lily handicrafts in different designs and products. Furthermore, the same raw materials and weaving techniques can be applied to develop a range of good quality and attractive water lily fashion ware like slippers and handbags. The production of the water lily baskets and boxes would be undertaken by the Paniqui Women Association and the PAGASA Youth Association both recognized and supported by the local government. High quality fabric materials for fastenings, linings, gloss, water-proofing, and highlights were sourced from the locality. Production of water lily mats, trays and other handicrafts would enhance the quality and value of products produced by the local groups and should give in a major income increase for their own households. The target market for water lily handicrafts would be predominately the local market of wealthier Filipinos, overseas Filipino workers, expats and foreigners. The local government unit of Paniqui plans to engage on supplying water lily handicrafts for wholesale to a number of domestic distributors and retail networks. The aim of water lily boxes, baskets, and handbags will primarily be environment conscious consumers who do not use plastic bags or plastic containers. These consumers and other unaware consumers will be targeted through direct marketing and direct and indirect advertising campaigns backed up by the local government unit of Paniqui, the Provincial Government of Tarlac, and the Department of Trade and Industry. There are three main market targets for the water lily handicrafts. The target for the water lily fashion items (mostly handbags, slippers, wallet, etc.) will be established domestic handicraft wholesalers and retailers in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, as well as exporters for the United States, Japan, and European markets. It is anticipated that domestic sales to cater to the large tourism market all over the Philippine islands will make up the majority of water lily fashion item sales. The target market for water lily handicrafts (mostly lampshade, decorative household products, placemats, etc.) will initially be the Filipino community living abroad. This embodies a significant market, as there are many Filipinos working around the world-over 860,000 not mentioning Filipino immigrants, so the overall potential market size is large. The main potential competitors would be other communities all over the country who also started this water lily weaving project, as this is promoted by the Department of Trade and Industry to local government units with trouble with the pesky water plant. Another is handicrafts made of other indigenous materials. Water lily products could compete well on the basis of price with other indigenous materials as the raw materials are freely harvested. The distinctive promotion about the water lily products is that they are well crafted by hand utilizing indigenous materials and the designs are decorative emphasizing the Filipino heritage. Also, the use of the product is very helpful to the environment as it substitutes the use of plastic materials and at the same time ceases the clogging of flow of water on rivers and creeks. However, the selling price of the handicrafts is very reasonable. The handicrafts could also be made to order. The Entrepreneur & Management The water lily project started as a livelihood program for the Paniqui women, out-of-school youths, and senior citizens organized by the Local Government Unit of Paniqui. Management is directed by the Municipal Mayor with the help of the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office. The Program is in coordination with the Provincial Government of Tarlac which also gives the needed promotional and advertising campaign with the national agency, the Department of Trade and Industry who assist the weavers for needed training and development. Development It started from 12 housewives to 25 women and youths and then to 50 within a year. Handcrafting eventually became a constructive activity for people who were once dawdling outside their homes playing cards and getting drunk the every day. Some weavers take their work at home with the whole family joining the making of the water lily handicrafts. While others chooses to work at the Paniqui Livelihood Center were materials are readily available. A household would earn roughly around three hundred pesos (Php 300) weekly during slack season and about six hundred pesos (Php 600) weekly during peak season. Before it became a livelihood program last August 2008, the conceptions for these water lilies are pests to the community as it hampers the flow of water in rivers and creeks during heavy rains causing flooding in the area. It is projected that by the fourth year of operation the total income for the workers from handcrafting activities could increase roughly 3 times by the year 2012.| Starting out as a backyard industry nearly a decade ago, the water lily handicraft business especially in Las Pià ±as City is booming as more people take notice of the wide range of products that can be made out of the plant that grow in abundance even in urban waterways. Some of these products were put on display at the 7th Water Lily Festival held on Thursday at Carnival Court, BF Resort Village, Las Pià ±as City, a brainchild of former Rep. Cynthia Villar that promotes water lily-based livelihood projects. These included baskets, trays, chests, bags, traditional bags (bayongs), hampers, cabinets, lamp shades of different shapes and sizes—and even a dining table complete with chairs. The smaller items range from coasters to slippers. But as an added demonstration of the plant’s artistic and commercial uses, the festival also featured a beauty pageant wherein contestants donned gowns fashioned completely from dried water lily stalks and leaves. â€Å"This goes to show that with creativity, you can do a lot with water lilies,† Villar said at the sidelines of the event. Villar noted that aside from providing livelihood for hundreds of families in Las Pià ±as, the water lily business has also cleaned up the city’s waterways. â€Å"The industry has become so successful our Zapote River is now free of water lilies and fish have begun breeding here again. We are now getting our water lilies from the Laguna de Bay, and I hope the lake will also be cleared of water lilies because of this business,† she said. Holiday season demand Sales go up during the holiday season when orders for popular Christmas gifts like baskets, trays, and ornamental pots shoot up. To cope with demand, the foundation hires about 100 more workers, in addition to the 50 who work during off-peak seasons. â€Å"It’s a very profitable business, especially since you really don’t need a big capital to start this up. You just need to harvest water lilies, dry them, and start working on them. So many workers become interested in this livelihood,† Torres said. How it works The recycling process is straightforward. Once harvested, the plants are dried under the sun and then cured in an oven. Then they cut, and bent around a wire frame and dyed before they are woven into craft articles. Step 1 Water Lily Stalk Harvesting Step 2 Sun drying Step 3 Oven drying Step 4 Wire cutting Step 5 Wire bending Step 6 Wire frame welding Step 7 Weaving Step 8 Trimming Step 9 Blow torching Step 10 Glue application Step 11 Varnishing Step 12 Finished product The finished items are tissue holders, baskets, hampers, and other products. Each item is sold per piece and the amount of money one takes home depends on one’s diligence. Because output is directly rewarded, workers are motivated to be more productive. Cynthia Villar highlighted the importance of water lily in improving the lives of Las Pià ±as residents by declaring the 27th of July as the day of the Water Lily Festival.

Parasites essays

Parasites essays Parasitic animals, such as tapeworms, can live inside of another organism with no harm. Organisms that live in guts has a specific surrounding that can pass through the acid of stomach with no harm. Organism, like the tapeworm, can regenerat, if the segment of the organism is ingested by another primary host, by attaching itself to the intestinal walls and resumes its growth by budding. When eggs are ingested, they hatch in the intestinal tract of an animal and release larval forms, which can help it to survive in poor conditions. Tapeworms do not have eyes, ears, noses, or appendages. They even lack a digestive system and circulatory system. They don't need to see, hear, smell, or move if they live in a nutrient bath in the host's intestine and don't need to seek or capture food. They don't require digestive or circulatory systems becuase their cells are in close contact with already digested food, water, and gases. Cool, moist conditions are most favourable for survival. F reezing is not likely to be severe enough in the field to kill a significant number of cysts. Parasites that live on the inside of the host's body are known as endoparasites and outside of body called ectoparasites. This distinction reflects adaptations made by the parasite to overcome certain barriers t parasitism. For example, when invaded by a parasite, a host often triggers an immune response, a cellular reaction that works to destroy the invader. Parasitic worms, like flatworm and roundworm, usually live in the intestines, lungs, liver, or othre internal organs of their hosts. These worms have developed adaptations that enable them to avoid the host's immune response, such as during a developmental stage when they are protected by a cyst wall or an outer surface thta constantly changes, thereby making it difficult for the host immune system to target the parasite for attack. Many ectoparasites have developed structures, such as suckers, hooks,...

Susan Atkins aka Sadie Mae Glutz - Manson Family Member

Susan Atkins aka Sadie Mae Glutz - Manson Family Member Susan Denise Atkins aka Sadie Mae Glutz Susan Denise Atkins aka Sadie Mae Glutz is a former member of the Charles Manson Family. She swore before a Grand Jury, that under the direction of Charlie Manson, she stabbed actress Sharon Tate to death and had participated in the murder of music teacher Gary Hinman. During her grand jury testimony, Atkins testified that there was no limit to what she would do for Manson, the only complete man I have ever met and that she believed him to be Jesus. Atkins Years as a Teen Susan Denise Atkins was born on May 7, 1948, in San Gabriel, California. When Atkins was 15, her mother died of cancer. Atkins and her alcoholic father quarreled continuously and Atkins decided to quit school and move to San Francisco. She became involved with two escaped convicts and the three committed armed robberies along the west coast. When caught, Atkins did three months in jail and then returned to San Francisco where she took up topless dancing and selling drugs to support herself. Atkins Meets Manson Atkins met the grubby ex-convict, 32-year-old Charles Manson when he visited a commune where she was living. She became mesmerized by Manson and packed up and traveled with the group, eventually ending up at the Spahn Movie Ranch. Charlie renamed Atkins Sadie Glutz, and she became a devout group member and promoter of Mansons ideology. Family members later described Atkins as being one of Mansons biggest fans. Helter Skelter In October 1968, Sadie gave birth to a boy and named him Zezozecee Zadfrack. Motherhood did not slow Sadies desire to prove her devotion to Manson. The family spent their time doing drugs, having orgies, and listening to Mason prophesize about Helter Skelter a time in the near future when a racial war of blacks against whites would erupt. He said the family would hide under the dessert and once the blacks proclaimed victory, they would then turn to Manson to lead their new nation. The Killing Begins In July 1969, Manson, Atkins, Mary Brunner and Robert Beausoleil went to the home of music teacher and friend Gary Hinman, who had allegedly sold the group bad LSD. They wanted their money back. When Hinman refused, Manson sliced off Hinmans ear with a sword and left the house. The remaining family members held Hinman at gunpoint for three days. Beausoleil then stabbed Hinman and all three took turns suffocating him. Before leaving, Atkins wrote Political Piggy in blood on his wall. The Tate Murders The racial war wasnt happening quickly enough, so Manson decided to begin the killings to help the blacks along. In August Manson sent Atkins, Tex Watson, Patricia Krenwinkel, and Linda Kasabian to the home of Sharon Tate. They entered the home and rounded up the eight-month-pregnant Tate and all of her guests. In a killing frenzy, Tate and the rest were butchered to death and the word Pig was written in Tates blood on the front door of the home. The LaBianca Murders The next evening, family members, including Manson entered the home of Leno and Rosemary LaBianca. Atkins did not go into the LaBianca house but was instead sent with Kasabian and Steven Grogan to the home of actor Saladin Nader. The group failed to get to Nader because Kasabian inadvertently knocked on the  wrong apartment door. In the meantime, the other Manson members were busy butchering the LaBianca couple and scrawling their signature blood words on the walls of the home. Adkins Brags About the Murders In October 1969, the Barker Ranch in Death Valley was raided and family members were arrested for arson. While at the prison, Kathryn Lutesinger implicated Atkins in the Hinman murder. Atkins was transferred to another prison. It was there that she bragged to cellmates about the familys involvement in the Tate, LaBianca murders. The information was turned over to the police and Manson, Watson, Krenwinkel were arrested and a warrant was issued for Kasabian whose whereabouts were unknown. Atkins and the Grand Jury Atkins testified before a Los Angeles Grand Jury, hoping to avoid the death penalty. She revealed how she held down Sharon Tate as she pleaded for her and the babys life. She recounted how she told Tate, Look, bitch, I dont care a thing about you. Youre going to die and theres nothing you can do about it. To cause more suffering, they held off killing Tate until all others were dead  and then stabbed her repeatedly while she called out for her mother. Atkins later recanted her testimony. The Manson Solidarity Atkins, returning to her role as a devoted Masonite, was tried with Manson, Krenwinkel and Van Houten for first-degree murder for the Tate-LaBianca massacres. The girls carved an X on their foreheads and shaved their heads to show their solidarity and constantly disrupted the courtroom. In March of 1971, the group was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. The state later overturned the death sentence to a life sentence. Atkins was sent to the California Institute for Women. Atkins the Snitch The first several years that Atkins was in prison she remained loyal to Manson but felt ostracized by other family members for being a snitch. In 1974, Atkins corresponded with former member, Bruce Davis, who had turned his life over to Christ. Atkins, who said Christ had come to her in her cell and forgiven her, became a born-again Christian. In 1977, she and author Bob Slosser wrote her autobiography titled Child of Satan, Child of God. Atkins First Marriage Through mail correspondence, she met millionaire Donald Laisure and they married in 1981. Atkins soon discovered that Laisure had been married 35 times before and had lied about being a millionaire and promptly divorced him. Life Behind Bars Atkins was described as a model prisoner. She organized her own ministry and earned an Associates degree. In 1987 she married a Harvard law student, James Whitehouse, who represented her at her 2000 parole hearing. No Remorse In 1991 she recanted her earlier testimony, stating she was present during the Hinson and Tate murders but did not participate. It has been reported that during her parole hearings she showed neither remorse nor a willingness to accept responsibility for her part in the crimes. She was turned down for parole 10 times. In 2003, she sued Governor Gray Davis, contending his policy opposing parole for nearly all murderers has made her a political prisoner. Her petition was denied. On September 25, 2009, Susan Atkins died of brain cancer behind prison walls. Her death came 23 days after the parole board turned down her request for a compassionate release from prison so that she could die at home. Source:Desert Shadows by Bob MurphyHelter Skelter by Vincent Bugliosi and Curt GentryThe Trial of Charles Manson by Bradley Steffens

Words beginning with homo-

Words beginning with homo- Words beginning with homo- Words beginning with homo- By Maeve Maddox Although Latin is no longer part of the general curriculum, it persists in so many mottos and expressions that everyone probably knows a few words. One commonly known Latin word is homo (man). Many Bible translations quote Pilates comment about Jesus in Latin: Ecce Homo! (Behold the Man). And of course, anyone who has ever had a basic science course has learned the name of the modern human species: Homo sapiens (Man the Wise). The first time I heard the word homosexual and learned its meaning, I assumed that the prefix homo meant man since the word refers to a relationship between men. Only later did I learn the difference between Latin homo (man) and a Greek homo (>homos same). NOTE: Man in Greek is anthropos. The word homosexual entered English via a translation of Krafft-Ebings Psychopathia Sexualis. The second part of the word, sexual, is from a Late Latin word. Mixing Latin and Greek elements in this way annoyed another student of human sexuality: Homosexual is a barbarously hybrid word, and I claim no responsibility for it. H. Havelock Ellis, Studies in Psychology, 1897 Here are some other homo words you may come across in your reading. homoerotic [hÃ… mÃ… -Ä ­-rÃ… tÄ ­k] 1 Of or concerning homosexual love and desire. 2.Tending to arouse such desire. homoeroticism hÃ… mÃ… -Ä ­-rÃ… tÄ ­-sÄ ­zÉ™m] A homoerotic quality or theme. homogamous [hÃ… -mÃ… gÉ™-mÉ™s) 1.Having one kind of flower on the same plant. 2.Having stamens and pistils that mature simultaneously. homogamy (hə†²mg ·Ã‰â„¢Ã‚ ·mÄ“) (biology) Inbreeding due to isolation. (botany) Condition of having all flowers alike. homograph [hÃ… mÉ™-grÄÆ'f, hÃ… mÉ™-] Homographs are words with different pronunciation, meanings and origins but the same spelling. They are not to be confused with homonyms or homophones. homogeneous [hÃ… mÉ™-jÄ“nÄ“-É™s, -jÄ“nyÉ™s] 1.Of the same or similar nature or kind: â€Å"a tight-knit, homogeneous society† (James Fallows). 2.Uniform in structure or composition throughout. 3.Mathematics. Consisting of terms of the same degree or elements of the same dimension. homogenise/homogenize (hÉ™-mÃ… jÉ™-nÄ «z, hÃ… ] 1.To reduce to particles and disperse throughout a fluid. 2.To make uniform in consistency, especially to render [milk] uniform in consistency by emulsifying the fat content. homonym [hÃ… mÉ™-nÄ ­m, hÃ… mÉ™-] The same name or word used to denote different things. homophile [hÃ… mÉ™-fÄ «l] coined 1960 to describe homosexuals in sociological and cultural terms as opposed to sexual behavior only. 1.Gay or lesbian. 2.Actively concerned with the rights of gay men or lesbians. homophobia [hÃ… mÉ™-fÃ… bÄ“-É™] coined 1969 to describe reactions to efforts of homosexuals to gain mainstream representation. 1.Fear of or contempt for lesbians and gay men. 2. Behavior based on such a feeling. (related words homophobe, homophobic) homophone [hÃ… mÉ™-fÃ… n, hÃ… mÉ™-] One of two or more words, such as night and knight, that are pronounced the same but differ in meaning, origin, and sometimes spelling. homoplasy [hÃ… mÉ™-plÄ sÄ“, -plÄÆ'sÄ“, hÃ… mÉ™-] n. Correspondence between parts or organs arising from evolutionary convergence.†¨ homoplastic [hÃ… mÉ™-plÄÆ'stÄ ­k, hÃ… mÉ™-] 1.Of, relating to, or exhibiting homoplasy. 2.Of, relating to, or derived from a different individual of the same species: a homoplastic graft. Sharon on homographs Daniel on homographs, homonyms, and homophones †¨ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowWriting the CenturyAffect vs. Effect

Testing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Testing - Coursework Example White-box test design allows one to peek inside the "box", and it focuses specifically on using internal knowledge of the software to guide the selection of test data. There are distinct advantages to white-box testing like: 1. Thoroughness: As such, white-box testing is much more thorough in terms of what percentage of the application we can test. This helped us in finding out that it will overwrite the point character if you first enter it and then enter a number. 2. Stability: Delivers greater stability and reusability of test cases if the objects that comprise an application never change like the calculator whose multiplication is constant but whose exception was not correct. But there’s the flip side of the coin as well and each of these come with a few disadvantages as well. The Black-Box Testing Techniques lack accuracy and despite the ease of use lack thoroughness and it doesn’t look very stable to me. Other disadvantages include the fragility of scripts and lac k of introspection that comes with no knowledge of the internal structure. ... GUI testing JUnit testing Success of any GUI application depends on how it interacts through its user interface with different users. An application with invalid behavior or incorrect user interaction can lead to large problems. GUI testing is a process to test the application's user interface and to detect if the application is working fine functionally. GUI Testing includes how the application deals with keyboard and mouse events, how different GUI components like menu-bars, tool-bars, dialog-boxes, buttons, entry fields, list navigations, images etc. respond to user input and to ensure that the tasks are performed as desired. The GUI testing can be implemented either manually or through automated methods. Manual testing is often error prone as well as far from exhaustive thus automated approach is preferred. Automated GUI Testing is use of a software program to check if the application is working fine functionally. This includes automating manual testing tasks which are mostly tim e consuming and error prone. To test a GUI, we needed a good method of finding the components of value, selecting cells in a table, dragging things about, clicking buttons, etc. The events we test are similar to assembly language only these are applicable for GUI testing. What the ideal approach is in describing the expected behavior is that we clarify the developer's goals before penning the code can; this avoids overbuilding useless feature and the correlated feature sets. Below is the required refactoring of the Java calculator program using Test-Driven Development (TDD). There is no possibility of exception in multiplication function so exception part of code can be considered as a dead code and can be removed. Public DivideByZeroExeption(String s), this function can